<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><rss xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:content="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" version="2.0" xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd" xmlns:googleplay="http://www.google.com/schemas/play-podcasts/1.0"><channel><title><![CDATA[Parenting Hub: Học tập & Phát triển]]></title><description><![CDATA[Tìm hiểu hành trình học hỏi một cách toàn diện – không chỉ qua sách vở, mà còn từ trải nghiệm, mối quan hệ và chính mình.]]></description><link>https://www.parentinghub.vn/s/hoc-tap-and-phat-trien</link><image><url>https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tOQA!,w_256,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5a838650-fdea-4018-be14-1d94e84d8bc0_500x500.png</url><title>Parenting Hub: Học tập &amp; Phát triển</title><link>https://www.parentinghub.vn/s/hoc-tap-and-phat-trien</link></image><generator>Substack</generator><lastBuildDate>Wed, 22 Apr 2026 12:37:25 GMT</lastBuildDate><atom:link href="https://www.parentinghub.vn/feed" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/><copyright><![CDATA[Parenting Hub]]></copyright><language><![CDATA[en]]></language><webMaster><![CDATA[parentinghubvn@substack.com]]></webMaster><itunes:owner><itunes:email><![CDATA[parentinghubvn@substack.com]]></itunes:email><itunes:name><![CDATA[Parenting Hub]]></itunes:name></itunes:owner><itunes:author><![CDATA[Parenting Hub]]></itunes:author><googleplay:owner><![CDATA[parentinghubvn@substack.com]]></googleplay:owner><googleplay:email><![CDATA[parentinghubvn@substack.com]]></googleplay:email><googleplay:author><![CDATA[Parenting Hub]]></googleplay:author><itunes:block><![CDATA[Yes]]></itunes:block><item><title><![CDATA[HỆ ĐIỀU HÀNH HAY HỆ ĐIỀU KHIỂN: TA ĐANG “CÀI ĐẶT” GÌ VÀO NỘI TÂM CON?]]></title><description><![CDATA[Khi t&#236;nh y&#234;u tr&#7903; th&#224;nh c&#244;ng c&#7909; ki&#7875;m so&#225;t: c&#225;i gi&#225; con ph&#7843;i tr&#7843; l&#224; g&#236;?]]></description><link>https://www.parentinghub.vn/p/he-dieu-hanh-hay-he-dieu-khien</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.parentinghub.vn/p/he-dieu-hanh-hay-he-dieu-khien</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Lương Dũng Nhân]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Tue, 21 Apr 2026 12:31:21 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/c7496aba-ce32-4edb-b8be-dbb655cf80a3_2100x1500.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Ch&#7883; T. - m&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7901;i m&#7865; - n&#243;i v&#7899;i t&#244;i b&#7857;ng gi&#7885;ng v&#7915;a tha thi&#7871;t v&#7915;a m&#7887;i m&#7879;t: <em>&#8220;Em mu&#7889;n con m&#236;nh c&#243; n&#7897;i l&#7921;c, c&#243; kh&#7843; n&#259;ng t&#7921; quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh, t&#7921; ch&#7883;u tr&#225;ch nhi&#7879;m v&#7899;i &#273;&#7901;i m&#236;nh. Em kh&#244;ng mu&#7889;n n&#243; l&#7899;n l&#234;n nhu nh&#432;&#7907;c nh&#432; em&#8221;</em>. R&#7891;i ch&#7883; k&#7875; v&#7873; bu&#7893;i s&#225;ng h&#244;m &#273;&#243;: Con t&#225;m tu&#7893;i kh&#244;ng ch&#7883;u &#259;n s&#225;ng, ch&#7883; &#273;&#227; &#8220;d&#249;ng chi&#234;u cu&#7889;i&#8221;: N&#243;i r&#7857;ng n&#7871;u kh&#244;ng &#259;n th&#236; m&#7865; s&#7869; bu&#7891;n, m&#7865; s&#7869; gi&#7853;n, m&#7865; s&#7869; kh&#244;ng &#273;&#432;a &#273;i h&#7885;c n&#7919;a. Con b&#233; o&#224; kh&#243;c, &#259;n trong n&#432;&#7899;c m&#7855;t, r&#7891;i &#273;&#7871;n tr&#432;&#7901;ng v&#7899;i &#273;&#244;i m&#7855;t s&#432;ng h&#250;p.</p><p>T&#244;i l&#7863;ng y&#234;n h&#7891;i l&#226;u, r&#7891;i bu&#7897;c ph&#7843;i n&#243;i l&#7901;i th&#7859;ng th&#7855;n: &#8220;Ch&#7883; v&#7915;a m&#244; t&#7843; hai &#273;i&#7873;u m&#226;u thu&#7851;n v&#7899;i nhau. Ch&#7883; mu&#7889;n x&#226;y cho con m&#7897;t h&#7879; &#273;i&#7873;u h&#224;nh n&#7897;i t&#226;m, nh&#432;ng trong c&#225;ch ch&#7883; v&#7915;a k&#7875;, ch&#7883; &#273;ang c&#224;i cho con m&#7897;t h&#7879; &#273;i&#7873;u khi&#7875;n t&#7915; b&#234;n ngo&#224;i!&#8221;</p><p>H&#7879; &#273;i&#7873;u h&#224;nh n&#7897;i t&#226;m [internal operating system] v&#224; h&#7879; &#273;i&#7873;u khi&#7875;n [control system] l&#224; hai th&#7913; tr&#244;ng gi&#7889;ng nhau m&#7897;t c&#225;ch &#273;&#225;ng ng&#7841;c nhi&#234;n, &#273;&#7863;c bi&#7879;t khi c&#7843; hai &#273;&#7873;u &#8220;ch&#7841;y t&#7889;t&#8221; &#7903; b&#7873; m&#7863;t. &#272;&#7913;a tr&#7867; c&#243; h&#7879; &#273;i&#7873;u h&#224;nh bi&#7871;t t&#7921; v&#7853;n h&#224;nh t&#7915; b&#234;n trong: T&#7921; quan s&#225;t, t&#7921; c&#7843;m nh&#7853;n, t&#7921; quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh, t&#7921; &#273;i&#7873;u ch&#7881;nh. &#272;&#7913;a tr&#7867; c&#243; h&#7879; &#273;i&#7873;u khi&#7875;n c&#361;ng bi&#7871;t l&#224;m nhi&#7873;u vi&#7879;c, c&#361;ng ngoan, c&#361;ng h&#7885;c gi&#7887;i, c&#361;ng c&#243; tr&#225;ch nhi&#7879;m - nh&#432;ng b&#234;n trong kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#224; m&#7897;t b&#7897; m&#225;y t&#7921; v&#7853;n h&#224;nh, m&#224; l&#224; m&#7897;t lo&#7841;t &#8220;n&#250;t nh&#7845;n&#8221; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c c&#224;i &#273;&#7863;t s&#7861;n v&#224; s&#7861;n s&#224;ng &#8220;nh&#7853;n t&#237;n hi&#7879;u&#8221; t&#7915; b&#234;n ngo&#224;i. V&#237; d&#7909;: Ch&#7841;m v&#224;o n&#250;t s&#7907; b&#7883; b&#7887; r&#417;i, n&#243; ch&#7841;y theo. Ch&#7841;m v&#224;o n&#250;t s&#7907; cha m&#7865; bu&#7891;n, n&#243; l&#7863;ng l&#7869; ch&#7883;u thi&#7879;t. Ch&#7841;m v&#224;o n&#250;t s&#7907; mang ti&#7871;ng b&#7845;t hi&#7871;u, n&#243; c&#243; th&#7875; t&#7915; b&#7887; c&#7843; m&#7897;t &#432;&#7899;c m&#417; &#273;&#227; nu&#244;i d&#432;&#7905;ng bao n&#259;m.</p><p>Nh&#236;n t&#7915; ngo&#224;i, hai &#273;&#7913;a tr&#7867; c&#243; th&#7875; gi&#7889;ng nhau. Nh&#432;ng b&#234;n trong l&#224; hai v&#361; tr&#7909; kh&#225;c h&#7859;n.</p><h2><strong>&#272;I&#7872;U G&#204; X&#7842;Y RA KHI D&#7840;Y CON B&#7856;NG S&#7906; H&#195;I?</strong></h2><p>Khi ch&#250;ng ta d&#7841;y con b&#7857;ng d&#7885;a n&#7841;t, &#273;&#242;n roi, hay nh&#7919;ng &#8220;&#273;&#242;n tr&#7915;ng ph&#7841;t b&#7857;ng c&#7843;m x&#250;c&#8221; nh&#432; &#8220;m&#7865; kh&#244;ng th&#432;&#417;ng con n&#7919;a&#8221;, h&#7879; th&#7847;n kinh c&#7911;a &#273;&#7913;a tr&#7867; s&#7869; tr&#7843; gi&#225; n&#7863;ng n&#7873;.</p><p>Theo l&#253; thuy&#7871;t &#273;a ph&#7871; v&#7883; [Polyvagal Theory] m&#224; Stephen Porges ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n, h&#7879; th&#7847;n kinh t&#7921; ch&#7911; c&#7911;a ch&#250;ng ta li&#234;n t&#7909;c qu&#233;t m&#244;i tr&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225; an to&#224;n hay nguy hi&#7875;m, m&#7897;t ti&#7871;n tr&#236;nh g&#7847;n nh&#432; t&#7921; &#273;&#7897;ng g&#7885;i l&#224; c&#7843;m nh&#7853;n an nguy [neuroception]. Khi tr&#7867; c&#7843;m nh&#7853;n nguy hi&#7875;m, cho d&#249; l&#224; &#273;e d&#7885;a th&#7875; ch&#7845;t hay &#273;e d&#7885;a m&#7845;t k&#7871;t n&#7889;i v&#7899;i ng&#432;&#7901;i m&#236;nh ph&#7909; thu&#7897;c, h&#7879; th&#7847;n kinh chuy&#7875;n sang ch&#7871; &#273;&#7897; giao c&#7843;m [sympathetic] &#273;&#7875; s&#7861;n s&#224;ng chi&#7871;n &#273;&#7845;u ho&#7863;c ch&#7841;y tr&#7889;n [fight-or-flight]. N&#7871;u m&#7889;i &#273;e d&#7885;a qu&#225; l&#7899;n v&#224; tr&#7867; kh&#244;ng th&#7875; ch&#7889;ng c&#7921; c&#361;ng kh&#244;ng th&#7875; ch&#7841;y tho&#225;t, h&#7879; th&#7847;n kinh tr&#432;&#7907;t s&#226;u h&#417;n v&#224;o ch&#7871; &#273;&#7897; &#273;&#243;ng b&#259;ng v&#224; khu&#7845;t ph&#7909;c [dorsal vagal shutdown]. Trong nh&#7919;ng tr&#7841;ng th&#225;i n&#224;y, v&#249;ng n&#227;o ch&#7883;u tr&#225;ch nhi&#7879;m cho t&#432; duy ph&#7843;n t&#7881;nh, &#273;i&#7873;u h&#242;a c&#7843;m x&#250;c, v&#224; ra quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh c&#243; &#253; th&#7913;c g&#7847;n nh&#432; ng&#432;ng ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0ep-!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa8d20e47-18e6-4ed0-82c8-41595bd8f284_2100x1500.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0ep-!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa8d20e47-18e6-4ed0-82c8-41595bd8f284_2100x1500.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0ep-!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa8d20e47-18e6-4ed0-82c8-41595bd8f284_2100x1500.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0ep-!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa8d20e47-18e6-4ed0-82c8-41595bd8f284_2100x1500.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0ep-!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa8d20e47-18e6-4ed0-82c8-41595bd8f284_2100x1500.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0ep-!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa8d20e47-18e6-4ed0-82c8-41595bd8f284_2100x1500.png" width="1456" height="1040" 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class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; v&#7853;y, nh&#7919;ng tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m n&#224;y kh&#244;ng h&#7873; h&#236;nh th&#224;nh &#7903; tr&#7867; b&#224;i h&#7885;c &#273;&#7841;o &#273;&#7913;c n&#224;o, m&#224; s&#7869; &#273;i&#7873;u ki&#7879;n ho&#225; nh&#7919;ng ph&#7843;n x&#7841; ki&#7875;u: &#8220;Khi ng&#432;&#7901;i quan tr&#7885;ng nh&#7845;t &#273;&#7901;i m&#236;nh t&#7887; ra l&#7841;nh l&#7869;o hay gi&#7853;n d&#7919;, m&#236;nh ph&#7843;i l&#224;m b&#7845;t c&#7913; &#273;i&#7873;u g&#236; &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c k&#7871;t n&#7889;i l&#7841;i&#8221;. Ph&#7843;n x&#7841; n&#224;y l&#7863;p l&#7841;i h&#224;ng ng&#224;n l&#7847;n qua tu&#7893;i th&#417; s&#7869; tr&#7903; th&#224;nh m&#7897;t l&#7889;i m&#242;n th&#7847;n kinh ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng trong v&#244; th&#7913;c. &#272;&#243; ch&#237;nh l&#224; m&#7897;t &#8220;n&#250;t &#273;i&#7873;u khi&#7875;n&#8221;, v&#224; nhi&#7873;u &#8220;n&#250;t&#8221; nh&#432; v&#7853;y s&#7869; t&#7841;o th&#224;nh &#8220;h&#7879; &#273;i&#7873;u khi&#7875;n&#8221; ch&#7913; kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i &#8220;h&#7879; &#273;i&#7873;u h&#224;nh&#8221;.</p><h2><strong>NH&#7918;NG S&#7906;I D&#194;Y TINH VI H&#416;N &#272;&#210;N ROI</strong></h2><p>Kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i cha m&#7865; n&#224;o c&#361;ng d&#249;ng &#273;&#242;n roi. Nhi&#7873;u cha m&#7865; tinh t&#7871; h&#417;n nhi&#7873;u, v&#224; ch&#237;nh v&#236; v&#7853;y nh&#7919;ng &#8220;n&#250;t &#273;i&#7873;u khi&#7875;n&#8221; h&#7885; c&#224;i v&#224;o con c&#242;n kh&#243; th&#225;o g&#7905; h&#417;n.</p><p>C&#243; nh&#7919;ng c&#226;u n&#243;i nghe ch&#237; l&#253; v&#224; r&#7845;t c&#243; tr&#225;ch nhi&#7879;m nh&#432;: &#8220;Con l&#224; anh c&#7843;, con ph&#7843;i l&#224;m g&#432;&#417;ng&#8221;, &#8220;Nh&#224; m&#236;nh ch&#7881; tr&#244;ng v&#224;o con th&#244;i &#273;&#7845;y&#8221;, &#8220;Ba m&#7865; gi&#224; r&#7891;i, c&#242;n l&#7841;i tr&#244;ng c&#7843; v&#224;o con&#8221;, &#8220;Con kh&#244;ng h&#7885;c l&#224; ph&#7909; c&#244;ng ba m&#7865;&#8221;. M&#7895;i c&#226;u mang t&#237;nh &#273;i&#7873;u ki&#7879;n nh&#432; v&#7853;y l&#224; m&#7897;t s&#7907;i d&#226;y v&#244; h&#236;nh bu&#7897;c v&#224;o ph&#7847;n tr&#225;ch nhi&#7879;m, ph&#7847;n &#273;&#7841;o hi&#7871;u, ph&#7847;n t&#236;nh th&#432;&#417;ng trong con. Nh&#432;ng c&#225;i gi&#225; l&#224; &#273;&#7913;a tr&#7867; ph&#7843;i h&#7885;c c&#225;ch xem nh&#7865; nhu c&#7847;u ch&#237;nh &#273;&#225;ng c&#7911;a b&#7843;n th&#226;n. N&#243; h&#7885;c &#273;&#432;&#7907;c r&#7857;ng mong mu&#7889;n c&#7911;a ri&#234;ng n&#243; l&#224; &#237;ch k&#7927;, l&#224; kh&#244;ng &#273;&#225;ng k&#7875;, l&#224; th&#7913; ph&#7843;i hy sinh.</p><p>Carl Rogers, nh&#224; t&#226;m l&#253; h&#7885;c nh&#226;n b&#7843;n, g&#7885;i hi&#7879;n t&#432;&#7907;ng n&#224;y l&#224; s<strong>&#7921; h&#236;nh th&#224;nh c&#225;c &#8220;&#273;i&#7873;u ki&#7879;n c&#7911;a gi&#225; tr&#7883; b&#7843;n th&#226;n&#8221; [conditions of worth].</strong> &#272;&#7913;a tr&#7867; d&#7847;n d&#7847;n nh&#7853;p t&#226;m m&#7897;t th&#244;ng &#273;i&#7879;p ng&#7847;m: m&#236;nh ch&#7881; c&#243; gi&#225; tr&#7883;, ch&#7881; &#273;&#225;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c y&#234;u th&#432;&#417;ng khi &#273;&#225;p &#7913;ng m&#7897;t s&#7889; &#273;i&#7873;u ki&#7879;n. D&#7847;n d&#7847;n, n&#243; m&#7845;t d&#7847;n kh&#7843; n&#259;ng l&#7855;ng nghe ti&#7871;ng n&#243;i t&#7915; b&#234;n trong, n&#243; m&#7845;t kh&#7843; n&#259;ng bi&#7871;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c m&#236;nh th&#7921;c s&#7921; c&#7843;m th&#7845;y g&#236;, mu&#7889;n g&#236;, c&#7847;n g&#236;&#8230;</p><h2><strong>NH&#7918;NG &#8220;&#272;&#7846;U M&#211;C&#8221; THEO CON V&#192;O &#272;&#7900;I</strong></h2><p>Nh&#7919;ng &#8220;n&#250;t &#273;i&#7873;u khi&#7875;n&#8221; &#7845;y kh&#244;ng h&#7873; bi&#7871;n m&#7845;t khi &#273;&#7913;a tr&#7867; l&#7899;n l&#234;n. Ch&#250;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c mang theo v&#224;o &#273;&#7901;i, v&#224; tr&#7903; th&#224;nh nh&#7919;ng &#8220;m&#243;c c&#226;u&#8221; m&#224; tha nh&#226;n, cu&#7897;c &#273;&#7901;i, ho&#224;n c&#7843;nh... c&#243; th&#7875; l&#7907;i d&#7909;ng v&#224;o &#273;&#7875; &#8220;gi&#7853;t d&#226;y&#8221; m&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7901;i.</p><p>M&#7897;t ch&#224;ng trai trong &#273;&#7897; tu&#7893;i ba m&#432;&#417;i tham v&#7845;n v&#7899;i t&#244;i, l&#224;m k&#7871; to&#225;n tr&#432;&#7903;ng c&#7911;a m&#7897;t c&#244;ng ty l&#7899;n. B&#7841;n k&#7875;: &#8220;Em kh&#244;ng hi&#7875;u sao m&#7895;i l&#7847;n s&#7871;p t&#7887; ra kh&#244;ng h&#224;i l&#242;ng, em l&#7841;i c&#7843;m th&#7845;y nh&#432; b&#7847;u tr&#7901;i s&#7853;p xu&#7889;ng. Em l&#224;m m&#7885;i th&#7913; &#273;&#7875; l&#7845;y l&#242;ng s&#7871;p, k&#7875; c&#7843; nh&#7919;ng vi&#7879;c tr&#225;i v&#7899;i gi&#225; tr&#7883; c&#7911;a em&#8221;. Khi ch&#250;ng t&#244;i &#273;i s&#226;u h&#417;n, &#8220;m&#243;c c&#226;u&#8221; xu&#7845;t hi&#7879;n: H&#7891;i n&#259;m tu&#7893;i, b&#7841;n &#7845;y &#273;&#227; t&#7915;ng &#273;&#7913;ng ch&#7871;t l&#7863;ng tr&#432;&#7899;c &#225;nh m&#7855;t l&#7841;nh l&#249;ng c&#7911;a ng&#432;&#7901;i cha m&#7895;i khi b&#7841;n kh&#244;ng &#273;&#7841;t k&#7923; v&#7885;ng. Ba m&#432;&#417;i n&#259;m sau, c&#225;i &#8220;n&#250;t &#273;i&#7873;u khi&#7875;n&#8221; &#7845;y v&#7851;n c&#242;n &#273;&#243;, v&#224; b&#7845;t c&#7913; ai c&#243; g&#7847;n b&#7841;n &#7845;y &#273;&#7873;u c&#243; th&#7875; ch&#7841;m v&#224;o.</p><p>M&#7897;t tr&#432;&#7901;ng h&#7907;p kh&#225;c, m&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7901;i m&#7865; tr&#7867; b&#7897;c b&#7841;ch v&#7899;i t&#244;i: &#8220;Em bi&#7871;t ch&#7891;ng em kh&#244;ng t&#244;n tr&#7885;ng em, nh&#432;ng m&#7895;i l&#7847;n ngh&#297; &#273;&#7871;n chuy&#7879;n r&#7901;i &#273;i, em nghe r&#245; gi&#7885;ng m&#7865; em n&#243;i &#8216;&#273;&#224;n b&#224; b&#7887; ch&#7891;ng l&#224; &#273;&#224;n b&#224; h&#432;&#8217;. Em kh&#244;ng tho&#225;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c c&#226;u n&#243;i &#273;&#243;.&#8221;</p><p>T&#244;i lu&#244;n c&#7843;m th&#7845;y nh&#243;i tim khi tham v&#7845;n nh&#7919;ng ca nh&#432; v&#7853;y, khi th&#7845;y nh&#7919;ng &#8220;m&#243;c c&#226;u&#8221; &#273;ang kh&#7889;ng ch&#7871; h&#7885; b&#226;y gi&#7901; v&#7889;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c cha m&#7865; c&#224;i v&#224;o v&#7899;i &#253; &#273;&#7883;nh t&#7889;t, &#273;&#227; tr&#7903; th&#224;nh ch&#7895; &#273;&#7875; cu&#7897;c &#273;&#7901;i ti&#7871;p t&#7909;c kh&#7889;ng ch&#7871; l&#224;m kh&#7893; con h&#7885;.</p><h2><strong>H&#7878; &#272;I&#7872;U H&#192;NH N&#7896;I T&#194;M TR&#212;NG RA SAO</strong></h2><p>V&#7853;y m&#7897;t h&#7879; &#273;i&#7873;u h&#224;nh n&#7897;i t&#226;m th&#7921;c s&#7921; tr&#244;ng nh&#432; th&#7871; n&#224;o?</p><p>&#272;&#7847;u ti&#234;n l&#224; ti&#7871;n tr&#236;nh h&#236;nh th&#224;nh. Ti&#7871;n tr&#236;nh &#273;&#243; ch&#7855;c ch&#7855;n kh&#244;ng &#7891;n &#224;o, hi&#7871;m c&#243; ti&#7871;ng qu&#225;t th&#225;o, kh&#244;ng c&#243; nh&#7919;ng m&#224;n d&#7885;a n&#7841;t hay m&#7863;c c&#7843; t&#236;nh c&#7843;m. N&#243; l&#224; m&#7897;t ti&#7871;n tr&#236;nh ch&#7853;m, ki&#234;n nh&#7851;n, &#273;&#244;i khi c&#243; v&#7867; &#8220;k&#233;m hi&#7879;u qu&#7843;&#8221; &#7903; ng&#7855;n h&#7841;n, nh&#432;ng l&#7841;i x&#226;y d&#7921;ng m&#7897;t n&#7873;n m&#243;ng b&#7873;n v&#7919;ng &#273;&#7871;n tr&#7885;n &#273;&#7901;i.</p><p>&#272;&#7913;a tr&#7867; c&#243; h&#7879; &#273;i&#7873;u h&#224;nh ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ba n&#259;ng l&#7921;c c&#7889;t l&#245;i, v&#224; ba n&#259;ng l&#7921;c n&#224;y lu&#244;n &#273;i c&#249;ng nhau nh&#432; ba ch&#226;n c&#7911;a m&#7897;t chi&#7871;c ki&#7873;ng n&#7897;i t&#226;m v&#7919;ng ch&#227;i.</p><p>Th&#7913; nh&#7845;t l&#224; <strong>n&#259;ng l&#7921;c t&#7921; nh&#7853;n th&#7913;c [self-awareness]:</strong> N&#243; c&#243; th&#7875; d&#7915;ng l&#7841;i v&#224; quan s&#225;t ch&#237;nh m&#236;nh, bi&#7871;t c&#417; th&#7875; m&#236;nh &#273;ang c&#7843;m th&#7845;y g&#236;, c&#7843;m x&#250;c m&#236;nh tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m l&#224; g&#236;, c&#225;c &#253; t&#432;&#7903;ng m&#236;nh &#273;ang c&#243; t&#7915; &#273;&#226;u sinh ra v&#224; c&#243; &#259;n kh&#7899;p v&#7899;i th&#7921;c t&#7841;i s&#7901; s&#7901; tr&#432;&#7899;c m&#7855;t kh&#244;ng.</p><p>Th&#7913; hai l&#224; <strong>t&#7921; ch&#7883;u tr&#225;ch nhi&#7879;m [self-responsibility]:</strong> Kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i g&#225;nh tr&#225;ch nhi&#7879;m thay cho c&#7843; gia &#273;&#236;nh, m&#224; l&#224; ch&#7883;u tr&#225;ch nhi&#7879;m v&#7899;i nh&#7919;ng l&#7921;a ch&#7885;n c&#7911;a ch&#237;nh m&#236;nh v&#224; v&#7899;i h&#7879; qu&#7843; t&#7921; nhi&#234;n c&#7911;a t&#7915;ng h&#224;nh &#273;&#7897;ng m&#236;nh ch&#7885;n l&#224;m ho&#7863;c kh&#244;ng l&#224;m. </p><p>Th&#7913; ba, t&#7915; hai n&#259;ng l&#7921;c kia m&#224; kh&#7903;i sinh, l&#224; <strong>t&#7921; &#273;&#7883;nh h&#432;&#7899;ng [self-direction]</strong>: Kh&#7843; n&#259;ng th&#7845;u tri&#7879;t m&#236;nh l&#224; ai, mu&#7889;n g&#236;, v&#224; &#273;ang &#273;i v&#7873; &#273;&#226;u gi&#7919;a bi&#7875;n l&#7899;n cu&#7897;c &#273;&#7901;i.</p><p>Khi cha m&#7865; nu&#244;i d&#7841;y con theo h&#432;&#7899;ng h&#7895; tr&#7907; s&#7921; t&#7921; ch&#7911; [autonomy-supportive], &#273;&#7913;a tr&#7867; ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n &#273;&#7897;ng c&#417; n&#7897;i t&#7841;i, c&#242;n khi cha m&#7865; nu&#244;i d&#7841;y theo h&#432;&#7899;ng ki&#7875;m so&#225;t [controlling], &#273;&#7913;a tr&#7867; c&#243; th&#7875; v&#7851;n l&#224;m &#273;&#250;ng b&#7893;n ph&#7853;n, nh&#432;ng &#273;&#7897;ng c&#417; &#273;&#7871;n t&#7915; s&#7907; h&#227;i, c&#7843;m gi&#225;c t&#7897;i l&#7895;i, ho&#7863;c nhu c&#7847;u &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ch&#7845;p nh&#7853;n. </p><p>C&#249;ng m&#7897;t h&#224;nh vi, hai ngu&#7891;n n&#259;ng l&#432;&#7907;ng ho&#224;n to&#224;n kh&#225;c nhau, v&#224; ch&#7881; c&#243; m&#7897;t ngu&#7891;n l&#224; l&#224;nh m&#7841;nh v&#224; b&#7873;n v&#7919;ng.</p><h2><strong>T&#7914; &#272;I&#7872;U KHI&#7874;N SANG &#272;I&#7872;U H&#192;NH C&#7846;N M&#7896;T S&#7920; CHUY&#7874;N H&#211;A TRI&#7878;T &#272;&#7874; &#7902; CH&#205;NH CHA M&#7864;</strong></h2><p>Chuy&#7875;n t&#7915; h&#7879; &#273;i&#7873;u khi&#7875;n sang h&#7879; &#273;i&#7873;u h&#224;nh kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i chuy&#7879;n m&#7897;t s&#7899;m m&#7897;t chi&#7873;u, c&#224;ng kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#224; m&#7897;t k&#7929; thu&#7853;t. &#272;&#243; l&#224; m&#7897;t s&#7921; chuy&#7875;n h&#243;a trong ch&#237;nh cha m&#7865; tr&#432;&#7899;c khi di&#7877;n ra &#7903; con.</p><p><strong>&#272;i&#7873;u &#273;&#7847;u ti&#234;n l&#224; nh&#7853;n ra m&#236;nh &#273;ang c&#224;i &#273;&#7863;t c&#225;i g&#236;. </strong>M&#7895;i l&#7847;n ta d&#249;ng n&#7895;i s&#7907; &#273;&#7875; khi&#7871;n con nghe l&#7901;i, ta &#273;ang c&#224;i m&#7897;t &#273;i&#7875;m &#273;i&#7873;u khi&#7875;n. M&#7895;i l&#7847;n ta n&#243;i &#8220;v&#236; con m&#224; m&#7865; m&#7899;i kh&#7893; th&#7871; n&#224;y,&#8221; ta &#273;ang c&#224;i m&#7897;t &#273;&#7847;u m&#243;c c&#226;u. Nh&#7853;n ra &#273;i&#7873;u n&#224;y kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i &#273;&#7875; t&#7921; tr&#225;ch, m&#224; &#273;&#7875; c&#243; c&#417; h&#7897;i ch&#7885;n kh&#225;c &#273;i cho l&#7847;n sau. Kh&#244;ng ai c&#243; th&#7875; th&#225;o m&#7897;t c&#225;i n&#250;t m&#224; m&#236;nh kh&#244;ng bi&#7871;t l&#224; m&#236;nh &#273;ang c&#224;i.</p><p><strong>&#272;i&#7873;u th&#7913; hai l&#224; h&#7885;c c&#225;ch &#273;&#7863;t gi&#7899;i h&#7841;n m&#224; kh&#244;ng c&#7847;n &#273;&#7871;n s&#7907; h&#227;i</strong>. Tr&#7867; con c&#7847;n gi&#7899;i h&#7841;n, &#273;i&#7873;u n&#224;y l&#224; t&#7845;t nhi&#234;n. Nh&#432;ng gi&#7899;i h&#7841;n h&#7907;p l&#253; t&#7921; nhi&#234;n d&#7921;a tr&#234;n h&#7879; qu&#7843; th&#7921;c t&#7871; kh&#225;c h&#7859;n v&#7899;i gi&#7899;i h&#7841;n &#225;p &#273;&#7863;t qua s&#7921; m&#7863;c c&#7843; b&#7857;ng t&#236;nh c&#7843;m c&#7911;a cha m&#7865;. Kh&#244;ng &#259;n s&#225;ng th&#236; s&#7869; &#273;&#243;i v&#224;o gi&#7901; ra ch&#417;i, &#273;&#243; l&#224; h&#7879; qu&#7843; t&#7921; nhi&#234;n, con h&#7885;c &#273;&#432;&#7907;c m&#7889;i li&#234;n h&#7879; gi&#7919;a h&#224;nh &#273;&#7897;ng v&#224; k&#7871;t qu&#7843;. &#8220;M&#7865; kh&#244;ng th&#432;&#417;ng con n&#7919;a&#8221; kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#224; gi&#7899;i h&#7841;n, &#273;&#243; l&#224; t&#7889;ng ti&#7873;n t&#236;nh c&#7843;m, con ch&#7881; h&#7885;c &#273;&#432;&#7907;c r&#7857;ng t&#236;nh y&#234;u c&#243; th&#7875; b&#7883; d&#249;ng &#273;&#7875; kh&#7889;ng ch&#7871; ng&#432;&#7901;i kh&#225;c.</p><p><strong>&#272;i&#7873;u th&#7913; ba, v&#224; c&#243; l&#7869; kh&#243; nh&#7845;t, l&#224; tin v&#224;o kh&#7843; n&#259;ng t&#7921; &#273;i&#7873;u ch&#7881;nh c&#7911;a con</strong>. Khi ta kh&#244;ng v&#7897;i can thi&#7879;p, kh&#244;ng v&#7897;i s&#7917;a sai, kh&#244;ng v&#7897;i c&#7913;u con kh&#7887;i m&#7885;i kh&#243; kh&#259;n nh&#7887;, ta &#273;ang cho con c&#417; h&#7897;i ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n n&#259;ng l&#7921;c t&#7921; nh&#7853;n th&#7913;c v&#224; t&#7921; ch&#7883;u tr&#225;ch nhi&#7879;m. C&#226;y n&#224;o qu&#7843; &#273;&#243;, hoa qu&#7843; ra theo m&#249;a. &#272;&#7913;a tr&#7867; c&#7847;n th&#7901;i gian, kh&#244;ng gian, v&#224; ni&#7873;m tin c&#7911;a cha m&#7865; &#273;&#7875; n&#7897;i l&#7921;c t&#7921; n&#7843;y n&#7903; t&#7915; b&#234;n trong. N&#7897;i l&#7921;c kh&#244;ng th&#7875; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c c&#224;i &#273;&#7863;t t&#7915; b&#234;n ngo&#224;i, n&#243; ch&#7881; c&#243; th&#7875; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c nu&#244;i d&#432;&#7905;ng &#273;&#7875; t&#7921; l&#7899;n l&#234;n b&#234;n trong tr&#7867;.</p><h2><strong>L&#7900;I M&#7900;I CHI&#202;M NGHI&#7878;M</strong></h2><p>T&#244;i v&#7851;n nh&#7899; &#225;nh m&#7855;t ch&#7883; T. chi&#7873;u h&#244;m &#7845;y, sau khi ch&#250;ng t&#244;i n&#243;i chuy&#7879;n m&#7897;t h&#7891;i l&#226;u. Ch&#7883; im l&#7863;ng r&#7845;t l&#226;u, r&#7891;i n&#243;i kh&#7869;: &#8220;Em ch&#7907;t nh&#7853;n ra m&#7865; em c&#361;ng &#273;&#227; &#8220;c&#224;i &#273;&#7863;t&#8221; em nh&#432; th&#7871;. V&#224; em l&#7841;i &#273;ang &#8220;c&#224;i &#273;&#7863;t&#8221; con em theo c&#249;ng c&#225;ch &#273;&#243;.&#8221;</p><p>T&#244;i g&#7853;t &#273;&#7847;u: &#8220;&#272;&#243; l&#224; &#273;i&#7873;u &#273;&#225;ng qu&#253; nh&#7845;t ch&#7883; v&#7915;a l&#224;m &#273;&#432;&#7907;c trong bu&#7893;i chi&#7873;u nay: Ch&#7883; &#273;&#227; th&#7845;y r&#245;!&#8221;</p><p>T&#244;i tin r&#7857;ng ch&#7881; khi nh&#236;n th&#7845;y h&#7879; &#273;i&#7873;u khi&#7875;n &#273;ang v&#7853;n h&#224;nh trong ch&#237;nh m&#236;nh, ta m&#7899;i c&#243; th&#7875; b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u th&#225;o n&#243; ra. V&#224; ch&#7881; khi &#273;&#243;, ta m&#7899;i th&#7921;c s&#7921; c&#243; th&#7875; trao cho con m&#7897;t h&#7879; &#273;i&#7873;u h&#224;nh, thay v&#236; nh&#226;n b&#7843;n ti&#7871;p m&#7897;t h&#7879; &#273;i&#7873;u khi&#7875;n m&#224; ch&#237;nh m&#236;nh &#273;&#227; ch&#7883;u &#273;&#7921;ng su&#7889;t &#273;&#7901;i.</p><p>V&#7853;y c&#242;n b&#7841;n, trong nh&#7919;ng t&#236;nh hu&#7889;ng b&#233; nh&#7887; h&#224;ng ng&#224;y v&#7899;i con: M&#7897;t b&#7919;a &#259;n, m&#7897;t b&#224;i t&#7853;p, m&#7897;t c&#417;n m&#232; nheo, m&#7897;t cu&#7897;c tranh lu&#7853;n v&#7873; &#273;i&#7875;m s&#7889;... b&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; d&#7915;ng l&#7841;i m&#7897;t nh&#7883;p v&#224; t&#7921; h&#7887;i: &#273;i&#7873;u m&#236;nh v&#7915;a n&#243;i, v&#7915;a l&#224;m, v&#7915;a ph&#7843;n &#7913;ng - c&#243; &#273;ang c&#224;i th&#234;m m&#7897;t &#8220;n&#250;t &#273;i&#7873;u khi&#7875;n&#8221;, m&#7897;t &#8220;m&#243;c c&#226;u&#8221;, hay &#273;ang nu&#244;i d&#432;&#7905;ng m&#7897;t h&#7879; &#273;i&#7873;u h&#224;nh l&#224;nh m&#7841;nh v&#224; t&#7921; ch&#7911; cho con?</p><p><em>L&#432;&#417;ng D&#361;ng Nh&#226;n, <a href="http://m.ed">M.Ed</a>, PCC.</em></p><div class="captioned-button-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.parentinghub.vn/p/he-dieu-hanh-hay-he-dieu-khien?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;}" data-component-name="CaptionedButtonToDOM"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption"><em>N&#7871;u b&#224;i vi&#7871;t n&#224;y khi&#7871;n b&#7841;n nh&#236;n l&#7841;i c&#225;ch m&#236;nh &#273;ang nu&#244;i d&#7841;y con, h&#227;y chia s&#7867; &#273;&#7875; nhi&#7873;u cha m&#7865; kh&#225;c c&#361;ng c&#243; c&#417; h&#7897;i d&#7915;ng l&#7841;i v&#224; suy ng&#7851;m!</em></p></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.parentinghub.vn/p/he-dieu-hanh-hay-he-dieu-khien?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.parentinghub.vn/p/he-dieu-hanh-hay-he-dieu-khien?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share"><span>Share</span></a></p></div><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Liệu áp lực có tạo ra Kim cương?]]></title><description><![CDATA[Khoa h&#7885;c n&#227;o b&#7897; h&#233; l&#7897; s&#7921; th&#7853;t v&#7873; stress v&#224; &#273;&#7897;ng l&#7921;c h&#7885;c t&#7853;p c&#7911;a tr&#7867;]]></description><link>https://www.parentinghub.vn/p/lieu-ap-luc-co-tao-ra-kim-cuong</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.parentinghub.vn/p/lieu-ap-luc-co-tao-ra-kim-cuong</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Dương Quyên]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Tue, 12 Aug 2025 02:00:25 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/e93eae73-4da0-47e9-9531-c8b49141ab2e_2415x1725.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><em><strong>D&#224;nh cho b&#7889; m&#7865; c&#243; con t&#7915; 6 &#8211; 18 tu&#7893;i</strong></em></p><p>M&#236;nh thu&#7897;c th&#7871; h&#7879; sinh ra khi &#273;&#7845;t n&#432;&#7899;c b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u b&#432;&#7899;c v&#224;o th&#7901;i k&#7923; chuy&#7875;n giao &#8211; t&#7915; n&#7873;n kinh t&#7871; bao c&#7845;p sang giai &#273;o&#7841;n &#273;&#7893;i m&#7899;i. M&#236;nh l&#7899;n l&#234;n &#7903; m&#7897;t x&#243;m nh&#7887; m&#7899;i &#273;&#432;&#7907;c x&#226;y d&#7921;ng, n&#417;i nh&#7919;ng gia &#273;&#236;nh vi&#234;n ch&#7913;c tr&#7867; v&#224; nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i lao &#273;&#7897;ng t&#7915; kh&#7855;p n&#417;i &#273;&#7893; v&#7873; &#273;&#7875; l&#7853;p nghi&#7879;p, ki&#7871;m t&#236;m m&#7897;t t&#432;&#417;ng lai b&#7899;t nh&#7885;c nh&#7857;n h&#417;n.</p><p>Trong k&#253; &#7913;c tu&#7893;i th&#417; c&#7911;a m&#236;nh, gia &#273;&#236;nh m&#236;nh l&#224; m&#7897;t trong s&#7889; hi&#7871;m hoi m&#224; b&#7889; m&#7865; &#8211; &#273;&#7863;c bi&#7879;t l&#224; b&#7889; &#8211; kh&#244;ng bao gi&#7901; g&#226;y &#225;p l&#7921;c v&#7873; chuy&#7879;n h&#7885;c h&#224;nh. M&#236;nh kh&#244;ng nh&#7899; t&#7915;ng b&#7883; &#233;p ng&#7891;i v&#224;o b&#224;n h&#7885;c, kh&#244;ng b&#7883; so s&#225;nh, c&#361;ng kh&#244;ng b&#7883; &#273;e d&#7885;a b&#7857;ng roi v&#7885;t m&#7895;i khi &#273;i&#7875;m k&#233;m.</p><p>Nh&#432;ng t&#7889;i n&#224;o, g&#7847;n nh&#432; c&#361;ng v&#7853;y, x&#243;m nh&#7887; &#7845;y l&#7841;i vang l&#234;n ti&#7871;ng kh&#243;c, ti&#7871;ng m&#7855;ng nhi&#7871;c, th&#7853;m ch&#237; c&#7843; ti&#7871;ng roi v&#7885;t t&#7915; nh&#7919;ng c&#259;n nh&#224; s&#225;t v&#225;ch. Ti&#7871;ng tr&#7867; con n&#7913;c n&#7903; v&#236; kh&#244;ng l&#224;m xong b&#224;i t&#7853;p. Ti&#7871;ng b&#7889; m&#7865; gi&#7853;n d&#7919; v&#236; &#273;i&#7875;m s&#7889; kh&#244;ng &#273;&#250;ng k&#7923; v&#7885;ng. Ti&#7871;ng c&#227;i v&#227; tri&#7873;n mi&#234;n, h&#7871;t &#273;&#234;m n&#224;y sang &#273;&#234;m kh&#225;c.</p><p>V&#7853;y m&#224; khi l&#7899;n l&#234;n, m&#236;nh nh&#7853;n ra m&#7897;t &#273;i&#7873;u r&#7845;t l&#7841; l&#249;ng. Trong s&#7889; nh&#7919;ng &#273;&#7913;a tr&#7867; t&#7915;ng ch&#417;i c&#249;ng nhau, m&#236;nh l&#224; m&#7897;t trong s&#7889; &#237;t ti&#7871;p t&#7909;c con &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng h&#7885;c t&#7853;p d&#224;i h&#417;n: h&#7885;c &#273;&#7841;i h&#7885;c, r&#7891;i &#273;i l&#224;m v&#224; ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n s&#7921; nghi&#7879;p &#7903; n&#432;&#7899;c ngo&#224;i. C&#242;n ph&#7847;n l&#7899;n b&#7841;n b&#232; c&#249;ng x&#243;m, sau khi h&#7885;c h&#7871;t c&#7845;p ba, &#273;&#227; s&#7899;m b&#432;&#7899;c v&#224;o gu&#7891;ng quay m&#432;u sinh &#8211; n&#7889;i ti&#7871;p con &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng lao &#273;&#7897;ng tay ch&#226;n m&#224; b&#7889; m&#7865; c&#225;c b&#7841;n &#273;&#227; &#273;i qua.</p><p>Tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m &#273;&#243; nhi&#7873;u l&#7847;n khi&#7871;n m&#236;nh t&#7921; h&#7887;i:<br><strong>Li&#7879;u &#225;p l&#7921;c h&#7885;c t&#7853;p &#8211; nh&#7919;ng ti&#7871;ng m&#7855;ng m&#7887;, nh&#7919;ng tr&#7853;n &#273;&#242;n roi, nh&#7919;ng l&#7901;i tr&#236; chi&#7871;t k&#233;o d&#224;i &#8211; c&#243; th&#7921;c s&#7921; t&#7841;o ra &#8220;kim c&#432;&#417;ng&#8221;? Hay n&#243; ch&#7881; &#226;m th&#7847;m l&#224;m ti&#234;u hao n&#259;ng l&#7921;c t&#7921; nhi&#234;n nh&#7845;t c&#7911;a m&#7897;t &#273;&#7913;a tr&#7867;: ni&#7873;m vui &#273;&#432;&#7907;c h&#7885;c h&#7887;i v&#224; l&#7899;n l&#234;n?</strong></p><p>B&#224;i vi&#7871;t n&#224;y l&#224; m&#7897;t l&#7901;i gi&#7843;i &#273;&#225;p &#8211; kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; d&#7921;a tr&#234;n k&#253; &#7913;c v&#224; quan s&#225;t c&#7911;a ri&#234;ng m&#236;nh, m&#224; d&#7921;a tr&#234;n nh&#7919;ng hi&#7875;u bi&#7871;t t&#7915; khoa h&#7885;c th&#7847;n kinh v&#224; t&#226;m l&#253; h&#7885;c hi&#7879;n &#273;&#7841;i v&#7873; stress, &#273;&#7897;ng l&#7921;c v&#224; s&#7921; ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n c&#7911;a n&#227;o b&#7897;.</p><h3><strong>I. Stress v&#224; b&#7897; n&#227;o tr&#7867;: C&#417; ch&#7871; sinh h&#7885;c n&#7873;n t&#7843;ng</strong></h3><p>&#272;&#7875; hi&#7875;u stress t&#225;c &#273;&#7897;ng &#273;&#7871;n vi&#7879;c h&#7885;c c&#7911;a tr&#7867; nh&#432; th&#7871; n&#224;o, tr&#432;&#7899;c ti&#234;n, ta c&#7847;n nh&#236;n th&#7859;ng v&#224;o m&#7897;t th&#7921;c t&#7871;: <strong>stress kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i ch&#7881; l&#224; &#8220;c&#7843;m x&#250;c ti&#234;u c&#7921;c&#8221;, m&#224; l&#224; m&#7897;t ph&#7843;n &#7913;ng sinh h&#7885;c ph&#7913;c t&#7841;p c&#7911;a b&#7897; n&#227;o v&#224; c&#417; th&#7875;</strong>, &#273;&#432;&#7907;c h&#236;nh th&#224;nh t&#7915; h&#224;ng tri&#7879;u n&#259;m ti&#7871;n h&#243;a &#273;&#7875; b&#7843;o v&#7879; con ng&#432;&#7901;i kh&#7887;i nguy hi&#7875;m.</p><p>Khi tr&#7867; &#273;&#7889;i di&#7879;n v&#7899;i m&#7897;t t&#225;c nh&#226;n g&#226;y &#225;p l&#7921;c &#8211; v&#237; d&#7909; nh&#432; b&#224;i ki&#7875;m tra kh&#243;, k&#7923; v&#7885;ng cao t&#7915; b&#7889; m&#7865;, hay s&#7921; so s&#225;nh v&#7899;i b&#7841;n b&#232; &#8211; n&#227;o b&#7897; c&#7911;a tr&#7867; s&#7869; kh&#7903;i &#273;&#7897;ng m&#7897;t chu&#7895;i ph&#7843;n &#7913;ng t&#7921; &#273;&#7897;ng. D&#432;&#7899;i &#273;&#226;y l&#224; <strong>3 t&#7847;ng ph&#7843;n &#7913;ng th&#7847;n kinh quan tr&#7885;ng nh&#7845;t</strong>:</p><h4><strong>1. T&#7847;ng c&#7843;nh b&#225;o &#8211; Amygdala b&#7853;t c&#242;i b&#225;o &#273;&#7897;ng</strong></h4><p>Amygdala l&#224; m&#7897;t c&#7909;m h&#7841;ch nh&#7887; h&#236;nh h&#7841;t h&#7841;nh nh&#226;n n&#7857;m s&#226;u trong h&#7879; limbic c&#7911;a n&#227;o. N&#243; c&#243; nhi&#7879;m v&#7909; qu&#233;t m&#244;i tr&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#7875; ph&#225;t hi&#7879;n nguy hi&#7875;m, d&#249; &#273;&#243; l&#224; con s&#432; t&#7917; th&#7853;t hay ch&#7881; l&#224; &#225;nh m&#7855;t nghi&#234;m kh&#7855;c c&#7911;a th&#7847;y c&#244;.</p><p>Khi Amygdala nh&#7853;n t&#237;n hi&#7879;u &#273;e d&#7885;a, n&#243; ngay l&#7853;p t&#7913;c:</p><ul><li><p>K&#237;ch ho&#7841;t h&#7879; th&#7847;n kinh giao c&#7843;m (sympathetic nervous system).</p></li><li><p>G&#7917;i t&#237;n hi&#7879;u &#273;&#7871;n v&#249;ng d&#432;&#7899;i &#273;&#7891;i (hypothalamus), ra l&#7879;nh s&#7843;n sinh c&#225;c hormone stress nh&#432; adrenaline v&#224; cortisol.</p></li></ul><p>&#7902; tr&#7867; em, h&#7879; th&#7889;ng c&#7843;nh b&#225;o n&#224;y <strong>ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng m&#7841;nh v&#224; nh&#7841;y h&#417;n nhi&#7873;u so v&#7899;i ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#7899;n</strong> v&#236; n&#227;o b&#7897; &#273;ang trong qu&#225; tr&#236;nh ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n v&#224; ho&#224;n thi&#7879;n. &#272;&#226;y l&#224; l&#253; do v&#236; sao m&#7897;t l&#7901;i m&#7855;ng hay m&#7897;t &#273;i&#7875;m k&#233;m c&#243; th&#7875; tr&#7903; th&#224;nh &#8220;m&#7889;i &#273;e d&#7885;a&#8221; th&#7853;t s&#7921; trong tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m ch&#7911; quan c&#7911;a tr&#7867;.</p><h4><strong>2. T&#7847;ng &#273;i&#7873;u h&#224;nh &#8211; Prefrontal Cortex b&#7883; &#7913;c ch&#7871;</strong></h4><p>N&#7871;u Amygdala l&#224; &#8220;chu&#244;ng b&#225;o &#273;&#7897;ng&#8221;, th&#236; Prefrontal Cortex (PFC) &#8211; v&#249;ng n&#227;o ngay sau tr&#225;n &#8211; ch&#237;nh l&#224; &#8220;b&#7897; &#273;i&#7873;u h&#224;nh trung t&#226;m&#8221;. &#272;&#226;y l&#224; n&#417;i:</p><ul><li><p>L&#7853;p k&#7871; ho&#7841;ch, t&#7893; ch&#7913;c h&#224;nh &#273;&#7897;ng.</p></li><li><p>Ki&#7875;m so&#225;t c&#7843;m x&#250;c.</p></li><li><p>T&#432; duy ph&#7843;n bi&#7879;n v&#224; ra quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh.</p></li></ul><p>Nh&#432;ng khi Amygdala k&#237;ch ho&#7841;t qu&#225; m&#7841;nh, PFC b&#7883; &#8220;ng&#7855;t k&#7871;t n&#7889;i&#8221; t&#7841;m th&#7901;i:</p><ul><li><p>Tr&#7867; m&#7845;t kh&#7843; n&#259;ng t&#7853;p trung v&#224; ghi nh&#7899;.</p></li><li><p>T&#432; duy logic b&#7883; m&#7901; nh&#7841;t.</p></li><li><p>Tr&#7867; d&#7877; b&#7889;c &#273;&#7891;ng, b&#7889;i r&#7889;i, kh&#244;ng x&#7917; l&#253; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c th&#244;ng tin.</p></li></ul><p>Hi&#7879;n t&#432;&#7907;ng n&#224;y trong t&#226;m l&#253; h&#7885;c g&#7885;i l&#224; &#8220;Amygdala Hijack&#8221; &#8211; khi b&#7897; n&#227;o r&#417;i v&#224;o tr&#7841;ng th&#225;i sinh t&#7891;n (fight-flight-freeze) v&#224; t&#7841;m th&#7901;i kh&#244;ng c&#242;n &#432;u ti&#234;n cho vi&#7879;c h&#7885;c.</p><h4><strong>3. T&#7847;ng n&#7897;i ti&#7871;t &#8211; Tr&#7909;c HPA duy tr&#236; stress k&#233;o d&#224;i</strong></h4><p>N&#7871;u c&#259;ng th&#7859;ng ch&#7881; di&#7877;n ra trong th&#7901;i gian ng&#7855;n (v&#237; d&#7909;: h&#7891;i h&#7897;p tr&#432;&#7899;c khi tr&#7843; b&#224;i), c&#417; th&#7875; tr&#7867; s&#7869; nhanh ch&#243;ng tr&#7903; v&#7873; tr&#7841;ng th&#225;i c&#226;n b&#7857;ng.<br>Nh&#432;ng n&#7871;u stress l&#7863;p &#273;i l&#7863;p l&#7841;i &#8211; m&#7895;i ng&#224;y, m&#7895;i t&#7889;i, m&#7895;i k&#7923; thi &#8211; tr&#7909;c HPA (Hypothalamus &#8211; Pituitary &#8211; Adrenal axis) s&#7869; ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng li&#234;n t&#7909;c, gi&#7843;i ph&#243;ng cortisol duy tr&#236; m&#7913;c &#273;&#7897; cao.</p><p><strong>H&#7853;u qu&#7843; c&#7911;a stress m&#7841;n t&#237;nh &#7903; tr&#7867;:</strong></p><ul><li><p>Hippocampus (trung t&#226;m ghi nh&#7899;) b&#7883; thu nh&#7887;.</p></li><li><p>Amygdala (h&#7841;ch h&#7841;nh nh&#226;n) tr&#7903; n&#234;n qu&#225; nh&#7841;y c&#7843;m, d&#7877; k&#237;ch ho&#7841;t ho&#7843;ng lo&#7841;n.</p></li><li><p>PFC ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng k&#233;m, l&#224;m tr&#7867; m&#7845;t kh&#7843; n&#259;ng ki&#7875;m so&#225;t b&#7843;n th&#226;n v&#224; kh&#243; ph&#7909;c h&#7891;i sau th&#7845;t b&#7841;i.</p></li></ul><p><strong>&#272;i&#7873;u b&#7889; m&#7865; c&#7847;n ghi nh&#7899;</strong></p><ul><li><p><strong>Stress l&#224; ph&#7843;n &#7913;ng t&#7921; nhi&#234;n</strong>, gi&#250;p tr&#7867; huy &#273;&#7897;ng n&#259;ng l&#432;&#7907;ng &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#7889;i m&#7863;t th&#7917; th&#225;ch ng&#7855;n h&#7841;n.</p></li><li><p>Nh&#432;ng khi stress x&#7843;y ra li&#234;n t&#7909;c, <strong>n&#227;o b&#7897; tr&#7867; s&#7869; &#432;u ti&#234;n ch&#7871; &#273;&#7897; sinh t&#7891;n thay v&#236; h&#7885;c t&#7853;p</strong>.</p></li><li><p>C&#417; ch&#7871; n&#224;y kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i v&#236; tr&#7867; &#8220;k&#233;m b&#7843;n l&#297;nh&#8221;, m&#224; v&#236; n&#227;o b&#7897; ch&#432;a &#273;&#7911; tr&#432;&#7903;ng th&#224;nh &#273;&#7875; t&#7921; &#273;i&#7873;u ch&#7881;nh khi kh&#244;ng c&#243; s&#7921; h&#7895; tr&#7907;, k&#7871;t n&#7889;i an to&#224;n.</p></li></ul><h3><strong>II. Stress t&#225;c &#273;&#7897;ng &#273;&#7871;n h&#7885;c t&#7853;p: Khi &#225;p l&#7921;c kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; d&#7915;ng &#7903; &#273;i&#7875;m s&#7889;</strong></h3><p>Khi n&#243;i &#273;&#7871;n stress, nhi&#7873;u b&#7889; m&#7865; m&#7863;c &#273;&#7883;nh r&#7857;ng<strong> </strong>c&#224;ng &#237;t stress c&#224;ng t&#7889;t<strong>, </strong>ho&#7863;c ng&#432;&#7907;c l&#7841;i,<strong> </strong>c&#224;ng &#225;p l&#7921;c m&#7899;i c&#224;ng th&#224;nh c&#244;ng<strong>. </strong>Th&#7921;c t&#7871;, khoa h&#7885;c th&#7847;n kinh cho th&#7845;y b&#7913;c tranh ph&#7913;c t&#7841;p h&#417;n:<strong> </strong>stress c&#243; th&#7875; v&#7915;a l&#224; &#273;&#7897;ng l&#7921;c th&#250;c &#273;&#7849;y, v&#7915;a l&#224; r&#224;o c&#7843;n b&#224;o m&#242;n n&#259;ng l&#7921;c h&#7885;c t&#7853;p<strong>, </strong>t&#249;y thu&#7897;c<strong>:</strong></p><ul><li><p>C&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#7897; v&#224; t&#7847;n su&#7845;t stress.</p></li><li><p>C&#225;ch tr&#7867; di&#7877;n gi&#7843;i tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m.</p></li><li><p>M&#7913;c &#273;&#7897; h&#7895; tr&#7907; v&#224; c&#7843;m gi&#225;c an to&#224;n.</p></li></ul><p>&#7902; ph&#7847;n tr&#432;&#7899;c, ch&#250;ng ta c&#361;ng &#273;&#227; t&#236;m hi&#7875;u stress k&#237;ch ho&#7841;t n&#227;o b&#7897; ra sao: Amygdala (h&#7841;ch h&#7841;nh nh&#226;n &#8211; b&#7897; ph&#7853;n c&#7843;nh b&#225;o c&#7911;a b&#7897; n&#227;o) b&#7853;t b&#225;o &#273;&#7897;ng, Prefrontal Cortex (CEO c&#7911;a b&#7897; n&#227;o) b&#7883; &#8220;t&#7855;t ti&#7871;ng&#8221;, Cortisol (h&#243;c m&#244;n stress) duy tr&#236; tr&#7841;ng th&#225;i c&#7843;nh gi&#225;c.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IfXx!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9c0fd57f-fd91-4698-a20c-dc46fe8e2d89_1047x790.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IfXx!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9c0fd57f-fd91-4698-a20c-dc46fe8e2d89_1047x790.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IfXx!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9c0fd57f-fd91-4698-a20c-dc46fe8e2d89_1047x790.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IfXx!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9c0fd57f-fd91-4698-a20c-dc46fe8e2d89_1047x790.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IfXx!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9c0fd57f-fd91-4698-a20c-dc46fe8e2d89_1047x790.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IfXx!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9c0fd57f-fd91-4698-a20c-dc46fe8e2d89_1047x790.png" width="1047" height="790" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/9c0fd57f-fd91-4698-a20c-dc46fe8e2d89_1047x790.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:790,&quot;width&quot;:1047,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;H&#236;nh minh h&#7885;a minimalist hi&#7879;n &#273;&#7841;i v&#7873; stress n&#227;o b&#7897;&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="H&#236;nh minh h&#7885;a minimalist hi&#7879;n &#273;&#7841;i v&#7873; stress n&#227;o b&#7897;" title="H&#236;nh minh h&#7885;a minimalist hi&#7879;n &#273;&#7841;i v&#7873; stress n&#227;o b&#7897;" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IfXx!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9c0fd57f-fd91-4698-a20c-dc46fe8e2d89_1047x790.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IfXx!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9c0fd57f-fd91-4698-a20c-dc46fe8e2d89_1047x790.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IfXx!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9c0fd57f-fd91-4698-a20c-dc46fe8e2d89_1047x790.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IfXx!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9c0fd57f-fd91-4698-a20c-dc46fe8e2d89_1047x790.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Nh&#432;ng trong &#273;&#7901;i s&#7889;ng h&#7857;ng ng&#224;y, c&#417; ch&#7871; n&#224;y kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; l&#224; l&#253; thuy&#7871;t, n&#243; b&#7897;c l&#7897; th&#224;nh nh&#7919;ng h&#224;nh vi, c&#7843;m x&#250;c v&#224; k&#7871;t qu&#7843; h&#7885;c t&#7853;p r&#7845;t d&#7877; nh&#7853;n th&#7845;y &#7903; tr&#7867;.</p><p>H&#227;y c&#249;ng soi chi&#7871;u qua 3 kh&#237;a c&#7841;nh:</p><h4><strong>1. Stress l&#224;m suy gi&#7843;m kh&#7843; n&#259;ng h&#7885;c t&#7853;p v&#224; ghi nh&#7899;</strong></h4><p><strong>V&#7873; m&#7863;t sinh h&#7885;c n&#227;o b&#7897;:</strong></p><ul><li><p>Khi stress k&#233;o d&#224;i, Amygdala li&#234;n t&#7909;c k&#237;ch ho&#7841;t, b&#225;o &#273;&#7897;ng m&#7889;i nguy.</p></li><li><p>Cortisol t&#259;ng cao l&#224;m Hippocampus &#8211; trung t&#226;m ghi nh&#7899; v&#224; l&#432;u tr&#7919; ki&#7871;n th&#7913;c &#8211; b&#7883; &#7913;c ch&#7871; ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng.</p></li><li><p>Prefrontal Cortex, n&#417;i x&#7917; l&#253; th&#244;ng tin v&#224; l&#7853;p k&#7871; ho&#7841;ch, b&#7883; gi&#7843;m hi&#7879;u n&#259;ng.</p></li></ul><p><strong>H&#7879; qu&#7843; th&#7921;c t&#7871; l&#224; tr&#7867; s&#7869; th&#432;&#7901;ng tr&#7843;i qua c&#225;c t&#236;nh tr&#7841;ng sau &#273;&#226;y:</strong> <br>&#9989; Kh&#243; t&#7853;p trung &#8211; &#273;ang nghe gi&#7843;ng, n&#227;o li&#234;n t&#7909;c &#8220;qu&#233;t nguy hi&#7875;m&#8221;: <em>&#8220;M&#236;nh s&#7869; b&#7883; m&#7855;ng? M&#236;nh s&#7869; kh&#244;ng tr&#7843; l&#7901;i &#273;&#432;&#7907;c c&#226;u h&#7887;i?&#8221;</em><br>&#9989; Ghi nh&#7899; k&#233;m &#8211; t&#7889;i h&#244;m tr&#432;&#7899;c thu&#7897;c l&#242;ng, s&#225;ng h&#244;m sau qu&#234;n s&#7841;ch.<br>&#9989; X&#7917; l&#253; ch&#7853;m h&#417;n, d&#7877; m&#7855;c l&#7895;i sai c&#417; b&#7843;n.</p><p><strong>V&#237; d&#7909;:</strong><br>M&#7897;t b&#7841;n nh&#7887; l&#7899;p 5 t&#7915;ng y&#234;u th&#237;ch m&#244;n To&#225;n. Nh&#432;ng sau v&#224;i l&#7847;n b&#7883; c&#244; gi&#225;o ch&#234; bai tr&#432;&#7899;c l&#7899;p v&#224; b&#7883; b&#7889; m&#7865; tr&#225;ch m&#7855;ng, n&#227;o c&#7911;a em b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u &#8220;g&#225;n nh&#227;n To&#225;n = m&#7889;i &#273;e d&#7885;a&#8221;. M&#7895;i khi m&#7903; s&#225;ch, Amygdala b&#225;o &#273;&#7897;ng, Cortisol tr&#224;n ng&#7853;p, l&#224;m Hippocampus (b&#7897; ph&#7853;n ph&#7909; tr&#225;ch ghi nh&#7899;) &#8220;&#273;&#243;ng c&#7917;a&#8221; &#8211; con kh&#244;ng c&#242;n kh&#7843; n&#259;ng nh&#7899; c&#244;ng th&#7913;c &#273;&#227; h&#7885;c.</p><h4><strong>2. Stress b&#224;o m&#242;n &#273;&#7897;ng l&#7921;c t&#7921; th&#226;n</strong></h4><p><strong>V&#7873; m&#7863;t sinh h&#7885;c n&#227;o b&#7897;:</strong></p><ul><li><p>Stress l&#7863;p l&#7841;i l&#224;m gi&#7843;m dopamine, ch&#7845;t d&#7851;n truy&#7873;n th&#7847;n kinh t&#7841;o c&#7843;m gi&#225;c h&#432;ng ph&#7845;n, t&#242; m&#242; v&#224; &#273;&#7897;ng l&#7921;c (&#8220;c&#225;i mu&#7889;n&#8221;).</p></li><li><p>Khi dopamine th&#7845;p, tr&#7867; d&#7877; r&#417;i v&#224;o tr&#7841;ng th&#225;i m&#7845;t h&#7913;ng th&#250;, ch&#225;n n&#7843;n v&#224; tr&#236; ho&#227;n.</p></li><li><p>&#272;&#7891;ng th&#7901;i, Amygdala ph&#236; &#273;&#7841;i (qu&#225; nh&#7841;y c&#7843;m) khi&#7871;n tr&#7867; d&#7877; s&#7907; h&#227;i v&#224; l&#7843;ng tr&#225;nh th&#7917; th&#225;ch.</p></li></ul><p><strong>H&#7879; qu&#7843; th&#7921;c t&#7871;:</strong><br>&#9989; Tr&#7867; h&#7885;c v&#236; <strong>s&#7907; ph&#7841;t</strong>, kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i v&#236; y&#234;u th&#237;ch.<br>&#9989; M&#7845;t c&#7843;m gi&#225;c t&#7921; h&#224;o khi ho&#224;n th&#224;nh nhi&#7879;m v&#7909;.<br>&#9989; Hay n&#243;i: <em>&#8220;Con kh&#244;ng th&#237;ch h&#7885;c&#8221;, &#8220;Con kh&#244;ng l&#224;m &#273;&#432;&#7907;c.&#8221;</em></p><p><strong>V&#237; d&#7909;:</strong><br>M&#7897;t c&#7853;u b&#233; l&#7899;p 6 &#273;ang r&#7845;t h&#224;o h&#7913;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c b&#7889; m&#7865; g&#7917;i &#273;i h&#7885;c th&#234;m ti&#7871;ng Anh v&#236; con mu&#7889;n h&#7885;c th&#7853;t t&#7889;t m&#244;n n&#224;y &#273;&#7875; sau n&#224;y c&#243; th&#7875; &#273;i du h&#7885;c.</p><p>Tuy nhi&#234;n, sau m&#7897;t th&#7901;i gian b&#7883; &#233;p h&#7885;c th&#234;m, l&#224;m &#273;&#7873; li&#234;n t&#7909;c v&#224; b&#7883; so s&#225;nh v&#7899;i &#8220;b&#7841;n A h&#7885;c gi&#7887;i h&#417;n&#8221;, dopamine d&#7847;n suy gi&#7843;m. N&#227;o c&#7911;a con kh&#244;ng c&#242;n xem vi&#7879;c h&#7885;c l&#224; tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m h&#7913;ng th&#250;. Cu&#7889;i c&#249;ng, con b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u ch&#7889;ng &#273;&#7889;i, t&#236;m l&#253; do &#273;&#7875; kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i &#273;&#7871;n trung t&#226;m h&#7885;c n&#7919;a: <em>&#8220;H&#7885;c ti&#7871;ng Anh l&#224;m con th&#7845;y m&#7879;t v&#224; lo.&#8221;</em></p><h4><strong>3. Stress l&#224;m x&#243;i m&#242;n kh&#7843; n&#259;ng ph&#7909;c h&#7891;i v&#224; s&#7913;c kh&#7887;e tinh th&#7847;n</strong></h4><p><strong>V&#7873; m&#7863;t sinh h&#7885;c n&#227;o b&#7897;:</strong></p><ul><li><p>Tr&#7909;c HPA (Hypothalamus&#8211;Pituitary&#8211;Adrenal) (ph&#7909; tr&#225;ch k&#237;ch ho&#7841;t c&#225;c h&#243;c m&#244;n k&#237;ch ho&#7841;t c&#417; th&#7875; &#273;&#7889;i ph&#243; v&#7899;i stress) khi ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng li&#234;n t&#7909;c s&#7869; duy tr&#236; cortisol &#7903; m&#7913;c cao.</p></li><li><p>N&#7891;ng &#273;&#7897; cortisol cao k&#233;o d&#224;i l&#224;m Hippocampus (tr&#237; nh&#7899;) b&#7883; teo nh&#7887;, Prefrontal Cortex (CEO b&#7897; n&#227;o) m&#7845;t ch&#7913;c n&#259;ng &#273;i&#7873;u h&#224;nh c&#7843;m x&#250;c, v&#224; Amygdala (b&#7897; ph&#7853;n b&#225;o &#273;&#7897;ng) qu&#225; nh&#7841;y c&#7843;m.</p></li><li><p>C&#225;c nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u cho th&#7845;y &#273;&#226;y l&#224; ti&#7873;n &#273;&#7873; d&#7851;n &#273;&#7871;n lo &#226;u, tr&#7847;m c&#7843;m, v&#224; r&#7889;i lo&#7841;n &#273;i&#7873;u ch&#7881;nh c&#7843;m x&#250;c.</p></li></ul><p><strong>H&#7879; qu&#7843; th&#7921;c t&#7871;:</strong><br>&#9989; Tr&#7867; d&#7877; ho&#7843;ng lo&#7841;n tr&#432;&#7899;c nh&#7919;ng t&#236;nh hu&#7889;ng nh&#7887;.<br>&#9989; M&#7845;t ng&#7911;, k&#233;m &#259;n, &#273;au b&#7909;ng, &#273;au &#273;&#7847;u k&#233;o d&#224;i.<br>&#9989; Thu m&#236;nh, m&#7845;t h&#7913;ng th&#250; v&#7899;i c&#225;c ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng t&#7915;ng y&#234;u th&#237;ch.</p><p><strong>V&#237; d&#7909;:</strong><br>M&#7897;t b&#233; g&#225;i l&#7899;p 9 lu&#244;n &#273;&#7841;t &#273;i&#7875;m cao v&#224; &#273;ang chu&#7849;n b&#7883; h&#259;ng say cho k&#7923; thi v&#224;o c&#7845;p ba (tr&#432;&#7901;ng chuy&#234;n). Sau nhi&#7873;u th&#225;ng b&#7883; th&#250;c &#233;p h&#7885;c th&#234;m v&#224; li&#234;n t&#7909;c nghe nh&#7919;ng l&#7901;i nh&#7855;c nh&#7903;: <em>&#8220;Con kh&#244;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ch&#7911; quan!&#8221;</em> c&#7843; &#7903; nh&#224; v&#224; &#7903; tr&#432;&#7901;ng, con b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u m&#7845;t ng&#7911;, m&#7879;t m&#7887;i, v&#224; s&#225;ng n&#224;o c&#361;ng k&#234;u &#273;au b&#7909;ng (t&#236;nh tr&#7841;ng r&#7889;i lo&#7841;n ti&#234;u h&#243;a do c&#417; th&#7875; kh&#244;ng &#432;u ti&#234;n d&#224;nh n&#259;ng l&#432;&#7907;ng &#273;&#7875; h&#7895; tr&#7907; c&#417; quan n&#224;y l&#224;m vi&#7879;c b&#236;nh th&#432;&#7901;ng).</p><h4><strong>4. V&#7853;y khi n&#224;o stress tr&#7903; th&#224;nh &#273;&#7897;ng l&#7921;c t&#237;ch c&#7921;c?</strong></h4><p><strong>V&#7873; m&#7863;t th&#7847;n kinh:</strong></p><ul><li><p>N&#7871;u stress v&#7915;a ph&#7843;i, ng&#7855;n h&#7841;n v&#224; c&#243; c&#7843;m gi&#225;c ki&#7875;m so&#225;t, n&#227;o b&#7897; ti&#7871;t v&#7915;a &#273;&#7911; cortisol v&#224; noradrenaline &#273;&#7875; t&#259;ng t&#7881;nh t&#225;o.</p></li><li><p>Dopamine duy tr&#236; &#7893;n &#273;&#7883;nh, gi&#250;p tr&#7867; th&#7845;y h&#7913;ng kh&#7903;i, mu&#7889;n chinh ph&#7909;c th&#7917; th&#225;ch.</p></li><li><p>Prefrontal Cortex v&#7851;n ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng linh ho&#7841;t, gi&#250;p tr&#7867; suy ngh&#297; s&#225;ng su&#7889;t.</p></li></ul><p><strong>H&#7879; qu&#7843; t&#237;ch c&#7921;c:</strong><br>&#9989; Tr&#7867; t&#7853;p trung h&#417;n, chu&#7849;n b&#7883; k&#7929; l&#432;&#7905;ng h&#417;n tr&#432;&#7899;c k&#7923; thi.<br>&#9989; C&#7843;m th&#7845;y t&#7921; h&#224;o khi ho&#224;n th&#224;nh nhi&#7879;m v&#7909; kh&#243;.<br>&#9989; H&#7885;c &#273;&#432;&#7907;c k&#7929; n&#259;ng ph&#7909;c h&#7891;i sau th&#7917; th&#225;ch.</p><p><strong>V&#237; d&#7909; minh h&#7885;a:</strong><br>M&#7897;t b&#233; trai l&#7899;p 7 chu&#7849;n b&#7883; thi gi&#7843;i To&#225;n. C&#7853;u h&#417;i lo, nh&#432;ng v&#236; t&#7921; m&#236;nh quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh tham gia, &#273;&#432;&#7907;c th&#7847;y c&#244; v&#224; b&#7889; m&#7865; &#273;&#7897;ng vi&#234;n, n&#227;o c&#7853;u duy tr&#236; stress &#7903; m&#7913;c eustress (c&#259;ng th&#7859;ng t&#237;ch c&#7921;c): tim &#273;&#7853;p nhanh, nh&#432;ng Prefrontal Cortex (CEO b&#7897; n&#227;o) v&#7851;n &#273;i&#7873;u h&#224;nh t&#7889;t. C&#7853;u &#244;n t&#7853;p k&#7929;, l&#224;m b&#224;i t&#7853;p th&#234;m, v&#224; thi xong c&#7843;m th&#7845;y t&#7921; tin, b&#7845;t k&#7875; k&#7871;t qu&#7843; ra sao.</p><blockquote><p><strong>T&#243;m l&#7841;i, stress kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#250;c n&#224;o c&#361;ng x&#7845;u.</strong><br>N&#7871;u &#7903; m&#7913;c &#273;&#7897; v&#7915;a ph&#7843;i, &#273;&#432;&#7907;c trao quy&#7873;n ch&#7911; &#273;&#7897;ng v&#224; h&#7895; tr&#7907;, stress tr&#7903; th&#224;nh &#273;&#7897;ng l&#7921;c h&#7885;c t&#7853;p.<br>N&#7871;u qu&#225; m&#7913;c, l&#7863;p l&#7841;i, thi&#7871;u &#273;i&#7875;m t&#7921;a an to&#224;n, stress tr&#7903; th&#224;nh &#8220;k&#7867; th&#249; th&#7847;m l&#7863;ng&#8221; l&#224;m teo m&#242;n tr&#237; nh&#7899;, &#273;&#7897;ng l&#7921;c v&#224; ni&#7873;m vui h&#7885;c h&#7887;i.</p></blockquote><h3><strong>III. L&#224;m sao b&#7889; m&#7865; t&#7841;o ra m&#244;i tr&#432;&#7901;ng h&#7885;c t&#7853;p l&#224;nh m&#7841;nh, b&#7873;n v&#7919;ng?</strong></h3><p>Kh&#244;ng &#237;t b&#7889; m&#7865; tin r&#7857;ng, mu&#7889;n tr&#7867; tr&#432;&#7903;ng th&#224;nh, ph&#7843;i lu&#244;n duy tr&#236; &#8220;m&#7897;t ch&#250;t &#225;p l&#7921;c&#8221; &#273;&#7875; con kh&#244;ng l&#432;&#7901;i bi&#7871;ng, kh&#244;ng bu&#244;ng xu&#244;i. Nh&#432;ng th&#7921;c ra, khoa h&#7885;c th&#7847;n kinh cho th&#7845;y tr&#7867; ch&#7881; ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n t&#7889;i &#273;a n&#259;ng l&#7921;c h&#7885;c t&#7853;p khi c&#243; m&#7897;t n&#7873;n t&#7843;ng c&#7843;m x&#250;c an to&#224;n, k&#7871;t h&#7907;p quy&#7873;n t&#7921; ch&#7911; v&#224; s&#7921; d&#7851;n d&#7855;t b&#236;nh t&#297;nh t&#7915; ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#7899;n.</p><p>&#272;&#7875; d&#7877; nh&#7899; v&#224; &#225;p d&#7909;ng, b&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; h&#236;nh dung <strong>Framework 5C</strong>, g&#7891;m 5 y&#7871;u t&#7889; then ch&#7889;t, gi&#250;p tr&#7867; duy tr&#236; &#273;&#7897;ng l&#7921;c h&#7885;c su&#7889;t &#273;&#7901;i thay v&#236; ch&#7881; ch&#7841;y &#273;ua theo th&#224;nh t&#237;ch ng&#7855;n h&#7841;n.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pevx!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe0465a2f-b151-4cd1-a2ca-c96c99d40bf5_1470x1050.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pevx!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe0465a2f-b151-4cd1-a2ca-c96c99d40bf5_1470x1050.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pevx!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe0465a2f-b151-4cd1-a2ca-c96c99d40bf5_1470x1050.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pevx!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe0465a2f-b151-4cd1-a2ca-c96c99d40bf5_1470x1050.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pevx!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe0465a2f-b151-4cd1-a2ca-c96c99d40bf5_1470x1050.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pevx!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe0465a2f-b151-4cd1-a2ca-c96c99d40bf5_1470x1050.png" width="1456" height="1040" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pevx!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe0465a2f-b151-4cd1-a2ca-c96c99d40bf5_1470x1050.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pevx!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe0465a2f-b151-4cd1-a2ca-c96c99d40bf5_1470x1050.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pevx!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe0465a2f-b151-4cd1-a2ca-c96c99d40bf5_1470x1050.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pevx!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe0465a2f-b151-4cd1-a2ca-c96c99d40bf5_1470x1050.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h4><strong>1. Connection &#8211; K&#7871;t n&#7889;i an to&#224;n</strong></h4><p>Khi tr&#7867; c&#243; m&#7889;i li&#234;n h&#7879; an to&#224;n, &#7845;m &#225;p v&#7899;i ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#259;m s&#243;c, n&#227;o b&#7897; m&#7899;i c&#243; &#273;i&#7873;u ki&#7879;n tho&#225;t kh&#7887;i tr&#7841;ng th&#225;i ph&#242;ng v&#7879; v&#224; m&#7903; ra &#8220;c&#7917;a s&#7893; h&#7885;c h&#7887;i&#8221;. M&#7897;t &#273;&#7913;a tr&#7867; lu&#244;n lo s&#7907; b&#7883; m&#7855;ng m&#7887; s&#7869; kh&#244;ng th&#7875; d&#7891;n h&#7871;t n&#259;ng l&#432;&#7907;ng tr&#237; tu&#7879; cho vi&#7879;c ti&#7871;p thu.</p><p>B&#7841;n kh&#244;ng c&#7847;n l&#250;c n&#224;o c&#361;ng ng&#7885;t ng&#224;o. Quan tr&#7885;ng l&#224; tr&#7867; c&#7843;m nh&#7853;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c: d&#249; th&#7845;t b&#7841;i hay th&#224;nh c&#244;ng, m&#236;nh v&#7851;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c y&#234;u th&#432;&#417;ng v&#224; ch&#7845;p nh&#7853;n.</p><p><strong>C&#225;ch th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n:</strong></p><ul><li><p>D&#224;nh th&#7901;i gian ri&#234;ng cho con m&#7895;i ng&#224;y, ch&#7881; &#273;&#7875; l&#7855;ng nghe v&#224; chia s&#7867;, kh&#244;ng k&#232;m d&#7841;y d&#7895;, ph&#225;n x&#233;t.</p></li><li><p>Khi con lo l&#7855;ng, h&#227;y nh&#7865; nh&#224;ng n&#243;i: &#8220;M&#7865; &#7903; &#273;&#226;y v&#7899;i con. M&#236;nh th&#7903; v&#224;i nh&#7883;p tr&#432;&#7899;c r&#7891;i c&#249;ng t&#236;m c&#225;ch.&#8221;</p></li><li><p>Tr&#225;nh g&#7855;n gi&#225; tr&#7883; b&#7843;n th&#226;n con v&#7899;i &#273;i&#7875;m s&#7889;. M&#7897;t l&#7901;i nh&#7855;n gi&#7843;n d&#7883;: &#8220;D&#249; con &#273;&#7841;t &#273;i&#7875;m n&#224;o, m&#7865; v&#7851;n t&#7921; h&#224;o v&#236; con &#273;ang n&#7895; l&#7921;c&#8221; s&#7869; c&#243; s&#7913;c m&#7841;nh h&#417;n b&#7845;t k&#7923; l&#7901;i khen ng&#7907;i th&#224;nh t&#237;ch n&#224;o.</p></li></ul><h4><strong>2. Control &#8211; Quy&#7873;n t&#7921; ch&#7911; ph&#249; h&#7907;p</strong></h4><p>M&#7897;t y&#7871;u t&#7889; quan tr&#7885;ng kh&#225;c l&#224; c&#7843;m gi&#225;c ki&#7875;m so&#225;t. Nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u v&#7873; stress ch&#7881; ra r&#7857;ng, tr&#7867; m&#7845;t quy&#7873;n ch&#7911; &#273;&#7897;ng s&#7869; d&#7877; b&#7883; k&#237;ch ho&#7841;t ph&#7843;n &#7913;ng c&#259;ng th&#7859;ng m&#227;n t&#237;nh. Ng&#432;&#7907;c l&#7841;i, khi tr&#7867; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c tham gia quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh, n&#227;o b&#7897; duy tr&#236; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c tr&#7841;ng th&#225;i linh ho&#7841;t, gi&#7843;m c&#7843;nh gi&#225;c.</p><p>H&#227;y trao cho con c&#417; h&#7897;i t&#7921; l&#7921;a ch&#7885;n trong nh&#7919;ng vi&#7879;c v&#7915;a s&#7913;c.</p><ul><li><p>Cho con t&#7921; quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh th&#7913; t&#7921; l&#224;m b&#224;i t&#7853;p ho&#7863;c c&#225;ch &#244;n b&#224;i.</p></li><li><p>Thay v&#236; ra l&#7879;nh: &#8220;Ng&#7891;i v&#224;o b&#224;n h&#7885;c ngay&#8221;, h&#227;y &#273;&#7863;t c&#226;u h&#7887;i: &#8220;Con mu&#7889;n b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u t&#7915; ph&#7847;n n&#224;o tr&#432;&#7899;c?&#8221;</p></li><li><p>Khuy&#7871;n kh&#237;ch con &#273;&#7863;t m&#7909;c ti&#234;u nh&#7887; v&#224; t&#7921; &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225; ti&#7871;n &#273;&#7897;.</p></li></ul><p>S&#7921; t&#7921; ch&#7911; kh&#244;ng c&#243; ngh&#297;a l&#224; bu&#244;ng l&#7887;ng. &#272;&#243; l&#224; s&#7921; &#273;&#7891;ng h&#224;nh t&#244;n tr&#7885;ng nh&#7883;p ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n c&#225; nh&#226;n.</p><h4><strong>3. Calm Parent &#8211; Cha m&#7865; b&#236;nh t&#297;nh, t&#7921; &#273;i&#7873;u ch&#7881;nh stress</strong></h4><p>M&#7897;t trong nh&#7919;ng y&#7871;u t&#7889; &#237;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;&#7875; &#253; nh&#432;ng c&#7921;c k&#7923; quan tr&#7885;ng l&#224; kh&#7843; n&#259;ng b&#7889; m&#7865; t&#7921; qu&#7843;n l&#253; c&#259;ng th&#7859;ng c&#7911;a ch&#237;nh m&#236;nh. Khi ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#7899;n m&#7845;t b&#236;nh t&#297;nh, tr&#7867; s&#7869; &#8220;m&#432;&#7907;n&#8221; tr&#7841;ng th&#225;i k&#237;ch ho&#7841;t &#273;&#243; v&#224; d&#7877; b&#7883; cu&#7889;n v&#224;o v&#242;ng xo&#225;y lo &#226;u. &#272;&#226;y l&#224; &#273;i&#7873;u m&#224; c&#225;c nh&#224; khoa h&#7885;c g&#7885;i l&#224; &#8220;secondary stress&#8221; &#8211; c&#259;ng th&#7859;ng l&#226;y lan (th&#7913; c&#7845;p).</p><p>H&#227;y h&#7885;c c&#225;ch t&#7921; &#273;i&#7873;u ch&#7881;nh.</p><ul><li><p>Th&#7903; ch&#7853;m tr&#432;&#7899;c khi ph&#7843;n h&#7891;i khi con l&#224;m sai.</p></li><li><p>D&#7915;ng l&#7841;i 10 gi&#226;y tr&#432;&#7899;c khi qu&#225;t m&#7855;ng.</p></li><li><p>T&#7841;o kho&#7843;ng l&#249;i n&#7871;u c&#7843;m x&#250;c qu&#225; t&#7843;i, n&#243;i v&#7899;i con: &#8220;M&#7865; &#273;ang c&#7847;n v&#224;i ph&#250;t &#273;&#7875; b&#236;nh t&#297;nh l&#7841;i r&#7891;i m&#236;nh n&#243;i ti&#7871;p.&#8221;</p></li></ul><p>B&#7841;n kh&#244;ng c&#7847;n t&#7887; ra ho&#224;n h&#7843;o. Ch&#7881; c&#7847;n l&#224;m g&#432;&#417;ng v&#7873; c&#225;ch x&#7917; l&#253; stress m&#7897;t c&#225;ch l&#224;nh m&#7841;nh, tr&#7867; s&#7869; h&#7885;c theo.</p><h4><strong>4. Compassion &#8211; Tr&#7855;c &#7849;n v&#224; t&#244;n tr&#7885;ng nh&#7883;p &#273;i&#7879;u ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n</strong></h4><p>N&#227;o b&#7897; tr&#7867; ch&#432;a tr&#432;&#7903;ng th&#224;nh nh&#432; ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#7899;n. V&#249;ng &#273;i&#7873;u h&#224;nh c&#7843;m x&#250;c &#8211; Prefrontal Cortex &#8211; ch&#7881; ho&#224;n thi&#7879;n g&#7847;n 25 tu&#7893;i. M&#7897;t ph&#7847;n quan tr&#7885;ng trong vi&#7879;c nu&#244;i d&#432;&#7905;ng n&#259;ng l&#7921;c h&#7885;c t&#7853;p ch&#237;nh l&#224; ch&#7845;p nh&#7853;n th&#7845;t b&#7841;i, ti&#7871;n b&#7897; ch&#7853;m v&#224; c&#7843; nh&#7919;ng kho&#7843;nh kh&#7855;c l&#432;&#7901;i bi&#7871;ng t&#7921; nhi&#234;n.</p><p>H&#227;y lu&#244;n t&#7921; nh&#7911;: &#8220;Tr&#7867; em kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i phi&#234;n b&#7843;n thu nh&#7887; c&#7911;a ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#7899;n.&#8221;</p><p><strong>C&#225;ch l&#224;m c&#7909; th&#7875;:</strong></p><ul><li><p>Tr&#225;nh so s&#225;nh con v&#7899;i b&#7841;n b&#232; ho&#7863;c anh ch&#7883;.</p></li><li><p>Ghi nh&#7853;n n&#7895; l&#7921;c thay v&#236; ch&#7881; khen &#273;i&#7875;m cao: &#8220;M&#7865; th&#7845;y con r&#7845;t c&#7889; g&#7855;ng &#244;n b&#224;i su&#7889;t tu&#7847;n.&#8221;</p></li><li><p>Khi con ch&#432;a &#273;&#7841;t m&#7909;c ti&#234;u, h&#227;y c&#249;ng con nh&#236;n l&#7841;i v&#224; t&#236;m c&#225;ch c&#7843;i thi&#7879;n thay v&#236; ph&#225;n x&#233;t.</p></li></ul><h4><strong>5. Continuity &#8211; Duy tr&#236; t&#7847;m nh&#236;n d&#224;i h&#7841;n</strong></h4><p>M&#7909;c ti&#234;u c&#7911;a gi&#225;o d&#7909;c kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i ch&#7881; l&#224; &#273;&#7841;t &#273;i&#7875;m s&#7889; t&#7889;t trong m&#7897;t v&#224;i k&#7923; thi, m&#224; l&#224; x&#226;y d&#7921;ng ni&#7873;m tin v&#224; h&#7913;ng th&#250; h&#7885;c su&#7889;t &#273;&#7901;i. N&#7871;u tr&#7867; h&#7885;c ch&#7881; &#273;&#7875; l&#224;m b&#7889; m&#7865; h&#224;i l&#242;ng, dopamine s&#7869; c&#7841;n ki&#7879;t r&#7845;t nhanh, &#273;&#7875; l&#7841;i s&#7921; m&#7879;t m&#7887;i v&#224; ch&#225;n n&#7843;n.</p><p>Thay v&#224;o &#273;&#243;, h&#227;y c&#249;ng con nu&#244;i d&#432;&#7905;ng &#273;&#7897;ng l&#7921;c t&#7915; b&#234;n trong v&#224; s&#7921; t&#242; m&#242; t&#7921; nhi&#234;n.</p><p><strong>G&#7907;i &#253; th&#7921;c h&#224;nh:</strong></p><ul><li><p>T&#7841;o &#273;i&#7873;u ki&#7879;n &#273;&#7875; tr&#7867; tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m, kh&#225;m ph&#225;, kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; luy&#7879;n &#273;&#7873;: tham quan, &#273;&#7885;c s&#225;ch, th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m &#253; t&#432;&#7903;ng m&#7899;i.</p></li><li><p>Khi tr&#7867; g&#7863;p th&#7845;t b&#7841;i, c&#249;ng nh&#236;n nh&#7853;n &#273;&#243; l&#224; b&#224;i h&#7885;c ch&#7913; kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i v&#7871;t nh&#417;.</p></li><li><p>Nh&#7855;c con: &#8220;&#272;i&#7875;m s&#7889; ch&#7881; l&#224; m&#7897;t ph&#7847;n r&#7845;t nh&#7887;. Quan tr&#7885;ng nh&#7845;t l&#224; con &#273;ang h&#7885;c &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;i&#7873;u g&#236; v&#224; l&#7899;n l&#234;n nh&#432; th&#7871; n&#224;o.&#8221;</p></li></ul><h3><strong>L&#7900;I K&#7870;T</strong></h3><p>Khi c&#242;n nh&#7887;, r&#7845;t nhi&#7873;u &#273;&#234;m m&#236;nh ng&#7891;i trong c&#259;n nh&#224; nh&#7887;, l&#7855;ng nghe ti&#7871;ng roi v&#7885;t v&#224; n&#432;&#7899;c m&#7855;t t&#7915; kh&#7855;p c&#225;c ng&#244;i nh&#224; quanh x&#243;m. M&#236;nh &#273;&#227; t&#7915;ng tin, nh&#432; nhi&#7873;u ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#7899;n tin, r&#7857;ng ch&#7881; c&#243; &#225;p l&#7921;c m&#7899;i r&#232;n luy&#7879;n n&#234;n &#253; ch&#237; s&#7855;t &#273;&#225;. Nh&#432;ng r&#7891;i th&#7901;i gian v&#224; tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m &#273;&#227; d&#7841;y m&#236;nh m&#7897;t &#273;i&#7873;u quan tr&#7885;ng h&#417;n:</p><div class="pullquote"><p><strong>&#221; ch&#237; th&#7853;t s&#7921; kh&#244;ng n&#7843;y m&#7847;m t&#7915; s&#7907; h&#227;i. N&#243; l&#7899;n l&#234;n trong nh&#7919;ng v&#249;ng &#273;&#7845;t c&#7911;a k&#7871;t n&#7889;i, c&#7911;a &#273;&#432;&#7907;c tin t&#432;&#7903;ng, v&#224; c&#7911;a c&#7843;m gi&#225;c an to&#224;n &#273;&#7875; th&#7917; &#8211; &#273;&#7875; sai &#8211; &#273;&#7875; h&#7885;c l&#7841;i.</strong></p></div><p>&#272;i&#7875;m s&#7889; c&#243; th&#7875; l&#224; m&#7897;t ph&#7847;n c&#7911;a h&#224;nh tr&#236;nh, nh&#432;ng kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#224; th&#432;&#7899;c &#273;o cu&#7889;i c&#249;ng. Trong nhi&#7873;u n&#259;m l&#224;m vi&#7879;c v&#7899;i tr&#7867; v&#224; gia &#273;&#236;nh, m&#236;nh &#273;&#227; th&#7845;y kh&#244;ng &#237;t em nh&#7887; c&#243; th&#224;nh t&#237;ch h&#7885;c t&#7853;p l&#7845;p l&#225;nh nh&#432;ng tr&#225;i tim th&#236; &#273;&#7847;y lo &#226;u v&#224; nghi ng&#7901; b&#7843;n th&#226;n. M&#236;nh c&#361;ng &#273;&#227; g&#7863;p nh&#7919;ng &#273;&#7913;a tr&#7867; b&#432;&#7899;c ch&#7853;m h&#417;n, nh&#432;ng l&#7899;n l&#234;n th&#224;nh nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i tr&#432;&#7903;ng th&#224;nh b&#236;nh an, t&#7921; ch&#7911;, kh&#244;ng s&#7907; h&#227;i khi &#273;&#7889;i m&#7863;t th&#7917; th&#225;ch.</p><p>N&#7871;u b&#7841;n ch&#7881; mang v&#7873; m&#7897;t &#273;i&#7873;u t&#7915; b&#224;i vi&#7871;t n&#224;y, m&#236;nh mong &#273;&#243; l&#224; s&#7921; nh&#7865; nh&#245;m: b&#7841;n kh&#244;ng c&#7847;n bi&#7871;n m&#236;nh th&#224;nh &#8220;ng&#432;&#7901;i hu&#7845;n luy&#7879;n kh&#7855;c nghi&#7879;t&#8221; &#273;&#7875; con th&#224;nh c&#244;ng. Th&#7913; con c&#7847;n nh&#7845;t l&#224; m&#7897;t &#273;i&#7875;m t&#7921;a b&#236;nh y&#234;n &#8211; n&#417;i ch&#250;ng tin r&#7857;ng d&#249; &#273;i&#7875;m s&#7889; ra sao, ch&#250;ng v&#7851;n x&#7913;ng &#273;&#225;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c y&#234;u th&#432;&#417;ng v&#224; t&#244;n tr&#7885;ng.</p><p>H&#7885;c t&#7853;p, cu&#7889;i c&#249;ng, kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#224; cu&#7897;c &#273;ua &#273;&#7875; ch&#7913;ng minh gi&#225; tr&#7883;. &#272;&#243; l&#224; h&#224;nh tr&#236;nh su&#7889;t &#273;&#7901;i &#273;&#7875; hi&#7875;u m&#236;nh, kh&#225;m ph&#225; th&#7871; gi&#7899;i, v&#224; l&#7899;n l&#234;n b&#7857;ng ch&#237;nh nh&#7883;p &#273;i&#7879;u ri&#234;ng.</p><p>Ch&#7881; khi c&#7843;m th&#7845;y &#273;&#432;&#7907;c nh&#236;n nh&#7853;n, &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ch&#7845;p nh&#7853;n v&#224; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;&#7891;ng h&#224;nh, m&#7897;t &#273;&#7913;a tr&#7867; m&#7899;i c&#243; &#273;&#7911; s&#7913;c m&#7841;nh n&#7897;i t&#7841;i &#273;&#7875; bi&#7871;n &#225;p l&#7921;c th&#224;nh &#273;&#7897;ng l&#7921;c, bi&#7871;n v&#7845;p ng&#227; th&#224;nh b&#224;i h&#7885;c, v&#224; nu&#244;i d&#432;&#7905;ng tinh th&#7847;n h&#7885;c h&#7887;i kh&#244;ng ng&#7915;ng.</p><p>V&#224; &#273;&#243; &#8211; h&#417;n b&#7845;t k&#7923; &#273;i&#7875;m 10 n&#224;o &#8211; m&#7899;i l&#224; m&#243;n qu&#224; l&#7899;n nh&#7845;t m&#224; ch&#250;ng ta c&#243; th&#7875; trao t&#7863;ng con.</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.parentinghub.vn/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">This Substack is reader-supported. To receive new posts and support my work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Tư duy cầu tiến và Sức bền: Vấp ngã cũng là một bài học]]></title><description><![CDATA[Khi th&#7845;t b&#7841;i c&#361;ng c&#243; th&#7875; l&#224; m&#7897;t m&#243;n qu&#224; c&#7911;a cu&#7897;c s&#7889;ng...]]></description><link>https://www.parentinghub.vn/p/tu-duy-cau-tien-va-suc-ben-tu-vap-nga</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.parentinghub.vn/p/tu-duy-cau-tien-va-suc-ben-tu-vap-nga</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Dương Quyên]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sun, 22 Jun 2025 16:02:30 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/e148533d-00c6-4a00-a42e-fc8506de2172_2415x1725.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<h5><em>&#128312;D&#224;nh cho cha m&#7865; c&#243; con t&#7915; 3-12 tu&#7893;i&#128312;</em></h5><p>Nh&#224; m&#236;nh c&#243; hai tr&#432;&#7901;ng ph&#225;i ti&#7871;p c&#7853;n th&#7845;t b&#7841;i ho&#224;n to&#224;n tr&#225;i ng&#432;&#7907;c. M&#7897;t b&#234;n l&#224; m&#7865; &#8211; ng&#432;&#7901;i c&#243; th&#7875; bi&#7871;n m&#7897;t k&#7871;t qu&#7843; thi kh&#244;ng nh&#432; &#253; th&#224;nh c&#417;n b&#227;o c&#7845;p 12 v&#7873; m&#7863;t c&#7843;m x&#250;c. B&#234;n kia l&#224; b&#7889; &#8211; ng&#432;&#7901;i lu&#244;n &#273;&#243;n nh&#7853;n m&#7885;i chuy&#7879;n b&#7857;ng m&#7897;t b&#7847;u kh&#244;ng kh&#237; &#273;i&#7873;m &#273;&#7841;m &#273;&#7871;n m&#7913;c l&#7841; l&#249;ng.</p><p>M&#236;nh c&#242;n nh&#7899;, nh&#7919;ng n&#259;m c&#7845;p hai, m&#7895;i l&#7847;n &#273;i thi h&#7885;c sinh gi&#7887;i v&#7873; m&#224; k&#7871;t qu&#7843; th&#7845;p h&#417;n mong &#273;&#7907;i, m&#7865; s&#7869; b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u m&#7897;t chu&#7895;i ng&#224;y kh&#7911;ng ho&#7843;ng. &#8220;T&#7841;i sao l&#7841;i th&#7871;?&#8221;, &#8220;Con h&#7885;c h&#224;nh ki&#7875;u g&#236; v&#7853;y?&#8221;, &#8220;H&#224;ng x&#243;m nh&#224; kia c&#242;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c gi&#7843;i nh&#7845;t &#273;&#7845;y&#8221;&#8230; Nh&#7919;ng c&#226;u n&#243;i l&#7863;p &#273;i l&#7863;p l&#7841;i, c&#249;ng c&#225;i c&#225;ch m&#7865; &#273;em s&#7921; th&#7845;t v&#7885;ng &#273;i r&#7843;i kh&#7855;p khu ph&#7889;, khi&#7871;n m&#236;nh d&#7847;n kh&#244;ng bi&#7871;t &#273;i&#7873;u g&#236; &#273;au h&#417;n: k&#7871;t qu&#7843; thi kh&#244;ng nh&#432; mong mu&#7889;n, hay c&#7843;m gi&#225;c x&#7845;u h&#7893;, t&#7897;i l&#7895;i v&#236; &#8220;l&#224;m m&#7865; bu&#7891;n&#8221;. R&#7891;i m&#236;nh h&#7885;c &#273;&#432;&#7907;c c&#225;ch im l&#7863;ng. M&#236;nh ng&#7915;ng chia s&#7867;. Kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; nh&#7919;ng l&#7847;n th&#7845;t b&#7841;i, m&#224; k&#7875; c&#7843; l&#250;c &#273;&#7841;t th&#224;nh t&#237;ch t&#7889;t &#8211; m&#236;nh c&#361;ng kh&#244;ng c&#242;n mu&#7889;n k&#7875;. B&#7903;i v&#236;, &#273;&#226;u &#273;&#243;, m&#236;nh v&#7851;n s&#7907;: n&#7871;u h&#244;m nay m&#7865; vui qu&#225;, ng&#224;y mai m&#7865; c&#243; th&#7875; gi&#7853;n d&#7919; g&#7845;p &#273;&#244;i.</p><p>C&#242;n b&#7889; th&#236; kh&#225;c h&#7859;n. M&#7895;i khi c&#243; k&#7871;t qu&#7843;, d&#249; l&#224; tr&#432;&#7907;t hay &#273;&#7895;, &#244;ng &#273;&#7873;u ng&#7891;i xu&#7889;ng c&#249;ng m&#236;nh. Kh&#244;ng tr&#225;ch, kh&#244;ng gi&#7843;ng &#273;&#7841;o, ch&#7881; &#273;&#417;n gi&#7843;n l&#224; c&#249;ng &#8220;m&#7893; x&#7867;&#8221; v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; v&#7899;i m&#7897;t s&#7921; b&#236;nh th&#7843;n nh&#7865; t&#234;nh: &#8220;Ch&#7895; n&#224;y ch&#7855;c con ch&#7911; quan?&#8221;, &#8220;L&#7847;n sau th&#7917; &#244;n ki&#7875;u kh&#225;c xem sao.&#8221; Khi l&#224;m t&#7889;t, &#244;ng c&#361;ng kh&#244;ng ti&#7871;c l&#7901;i ch&#250;c m&#7915;ng &#8211; nh&#432;ng v&#7851;n gi&#7919; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c s&#7921; qu&#226;n b&#236;nh, nh&#432; th&#7875; th&#224;nh c&#244;ng c&#361;ng ch&#7881; l&#224; m&#7897;t ph&#7847;n c&#7911;a h&#224;nh tr&#236;nh d&#224;i h&#417;n. Nh&#7901; c&#243; b&#7889;, m&#236;nh h&#7885;c &#273;&#432;&#7907;c r&#7857;ng th&#7845;t b&#7841;i kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#224; d&#7845;u ch&#7845;m h&#7871;t, m&#224; l&#224; d&#7845;u ph&#7849;y &#8211; &#273;&#7875; m&#236;nh t&#7841;m d&#7915;ng, nh&#236;n l&#7841;i, r&#7891;i vi&#7871;t ti&#7871;p.</p><p>V&#224; r&#7891;i m&#236;nh nh&#7853;n ra: c&#225;i kh&#225;c bi&#7879;t l&#7899;n nh&#7845;t kh&#244;ng n&#7857;m &#7903; l&#7901;i n&#243;i, m&#224; &#7903; m&#7897;t th&#7913; v&#244; h&#236;nh h&#417;n &#8211; <strong>c&#7843;m gi&#225;c an to&#224;n</strong> khi &#273;&#7889;i di&#7879;n v&#7899;i th&#7845;t b&#7841;i. V&#7899;i m&#7865;, sai s&#243;t l&#224; &#273;i&#7873;u &#273;&#225;ng x&#7845;u h&#7893;. V&#7899;i b&#7889;, sai s&#243;t l&#224; chuy&#7879;n hi&#7875;n nhi&#234;n. M&#7897;t b&#234;n khi&#7871;n m&#236;nh thu m&#236;nh l&#7841;i, m&#7897;t b&#234;n m&#7903; ra kh&#244;ng gian &#273;&#7875; ti&#7871;p t&#7909;c th&#7917;, ti&#7871;p t&#7909;c sai &#8211; v&#224; ti&#7871;p t&#7909;c l&#7899;n l&#234;n.</p><p><strong>B&#224;i vi&#7871;t n&#224;y s&#7869; chia th&#224;nh 3 ph&#7847;n:</strong> </p><p><strong>Ph&#7847;n 1:</strong> Khi ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#7899;n ph&#7843;n &#7913;ng ti&#234;u c&#7921;c v&#7899;i sai s&#243;t c&#7911;a tr&#7867; &#8211; v&#224; nh&#7919;ng h&#7853;u qu&#7843; &#226;m th&#7847;m &#273;i theo n&#259;m th&#225;ng</p><p><strong>Ph&#7847;n 2:</strong> M&#7897;t l&#7889;i &#273;i m&#7899;i: Khi con kh&#244;ng c&#7847;n &#273;&#250;ng &#8211; m&#224; c&#7847;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c <em>th&#7917;</em></p><p><strong>Ph&#7847;n 3:</strong> G&#243;c nh&#236;n t&#7915; khoa h&#7885;c th&#7847;n kinh: Khi sai l&#7847;m l&#224; nhi&#234;n li&#7879;u cho s&#7921; ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n tr&#237; n&#227;o</p><p><strong>Ph&#7847;n 4:</strong> M&#244;i tr&#432;&#7901;ng th&#7917; sai t&#7841;i nh&#224; &amp; mini rituals gi&#250;p nu&#244;i d&#432;&#7905;ng s&#7913;c b&#7873;n v&#224; t&#432; duy c&#7847;u ti&#7871;n &#7903; tr&#7867;</p><p><em>B&#224;i vi&#7871;t s&#7917; d&#7909;ng n&#7897;i dung chia s&#7867; t&#7915; <a href="https://parentingsummit.vn/">Parenting Summit 2025</a> t&#7915; Di&#7877;n gi&#7843; D&#432;&#417;ng Quy&#234;n. Vui l&#242;ng kh&#244;ng sao ch&#233;p, ch&#7881;nh s&#7917;a ho&#7863;c s&#7917; d&#7909;ng cho m&#7909;c &#273;&#237;ch th&#432;&#417;ng m&#7841;i khi ch&#432;a c&#243; s&#7921; &#273;&#7891;ng &#253; b&#7857;ng v&#259;n b&#7843;n.</em> </p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8Tuh!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F108c41f6-3445-42ba-a29a-8531e6de2e23_3916x1490.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8Tuh!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F108c41f6-3445-42ba-a29a-8531e6de2e23_3916x1490.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8Tuh!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F108c41f6-3445-42ba-a29a-8531e6de2e23_3916x1490.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8Tuh!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F108c41f6-3445-42ba-a29a-8531e6de2e23_3916x1490.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8Tuh!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F108c41f6-3445-42ba-a29a-8531e6de2e23_3916x1490.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8Tuh!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F108c41f6-3445-42ba-a29a-8531e6de2e23_3916x1490.jpeg" width="1456" height="554" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8Tuh!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F108c41f6-3445-42ba-a29a-8531e6de2e23_3916x1490.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8Tuh!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F108c41f6-3445-42ba-a29a-8531e6de2e23_3916x1490.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8Tuh!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F108c41f6-3445-42ba-a29a-8531e6de2e23_3916x1490.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8Tuh!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F108c41f6-3445-42ba-a29a-8531e6de2e23_3916x1490.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.parentinghub.vn/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption"><em>&#272;&#259;ng k&#253; &#273;&#7875; nh&#7853;n b&#7843;n tin h&#224;ng tu&#7847;n v&#7873; nh&#7919;ng g&#243;c nh&#236;n s&#226;u s&#7855;c v&#224; thi&#7871;t th&#7921;c gi&#250;p cha m&#7865; hi&#7879;n &#273;&#7841;i nu&#244;i d&#7841;y con v&#7899;i s&#7921; th&#7845;u hi&#7875;u, k&#7871;t n&#7889;i v&#224; tr&#7855;c &#7849;n trong th&#7901;i &#273;&#7841;i s&#7889;.</em></p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><h3><strong>I. Khi ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#7899;n ph&#7843;n &#7913;ng ti&#234;u c&#7921;c v&#7899;i sai s&#243;t c&#7911;a tr&#7867; &#8211; v&#224; nh&#7919;ng h&#7853;u qu&#7843; &#226;m th&#7847;m &#273;i theo n&#259;m th&#225;ng</strong></h3><h4><strong>1. Khi ph&#7843;n x&#7841; d&#7841;y d&#7895; bi&#7871;n th&#224;nh ph&#7843;n x&#7841;... l&#224;m t&#7893;n th&#432;&#417;ng</strong></h4><p>L&#224;m cha m&#7865;, ai c&#361;ng t&#7915;ng m&#7845;t ki&#234;n nh&#7851;n. Nh&#7845;t l&#224; khi con l&#224;m &#273;i l&#224;m l&#7841;i m&#7897;t l&#7895;i c&#361;.<br>V&#224; &#273;&#244;i khi, v&#236; qu&#225; n&#243;ng l&#242;ng mu&#7889;n &#8220;s&#7917;a&#8221; cho con, ta v&#244; t&#236;nh ch&#7885;n nh&#7919;ng c&#225;ch ph&#7843;n &#7913;ng khi&#7871;n sai l&#7847;m bi&#7871;n th&#224;nh&#8230; v&#7871;t s&#7865;o.</p><p>D&#432;&#7899;i &#273;&#226;y l&#224; nh&#7919;ng c&#225;ch b&#7889; m&#7865; hay ph&#7843;n &#7913;ng nh&#7845;t &#8211; t&#432;&#7903;ng l&#224; &#8220;d&#7841;y&#8221;, nh&#432;ng th&#7921;c ra &#273;ang v&#244; hi&#7879;u h&#243;a kh&#7843; n&#259;ng h&#7885;c h&#7887;i v&#224; x&#226;y d&#7921;ng s&#7913;c b&#7873;n c&#7911;a con:</p><p><strong>&#10060; La m&#7855;ng to, gay g&#7855;t</strong></p><p>&#8220;M&#7865; &#273;&#227; n&#243;i bao nhi&#234;u l&#7847;n r&#7891;i m&#224; con v&#7851;n l&#224;m sai?!&#8221;</p><p>&#8594; L&#224;m tr&#7867; s&#7907;, co r&#250;t h&#7879; th&#7847;n kinh, &#273;&#243;ng l&#7841;i kh&#7843; n&#259;ng ti&#7871;p nh&#7853;n ph&#7843;n h&#7891;i. V&#7873; l&#226;u d&#224;i, tr&#7867; h&#236;nh th&#224;nh <strong>m&#7889;i li&#234;n h&#7879; gi&#7919;a th&#7845;t b&#7841;i v&#224; n&#7895;i nh&#7909;c nh&#227;</strong>.</p><p><strong>&#10060; L&#224;m gi&#250;p con &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#7905; m&#7845;t th&#7901;i gian</strong></p><p>&#8220;Th&#244;i &#273;&#432;a &#273;&#226;y, m&#7865; l&#224;m nhanh cho xong.&#8221;</p><p>&#8594; T&#432;&#7899;c &#273;i c&#417; h&#7897;i cho con &#273;&#432;&#7907;c th&#7917;, &#273;&#432;&#7907;c sai, &#273;&#432;&#7907;c h&#7885;c. Tr&#7867; d&#7847;n tr&#7903; n&#234;n <strong>ph&#7909; thu&#7897;c, m&#7845;t t&#7921; tin, s&#7907; t&#7921; l&#224;m.</strong></p><p><strong>&#10060; So s&#225;nh con v&#7899;i b&#7841;n kh&#225;c</strong></p><p>&#8220;B&#7841;n B l&#224;m &#273;&#432;&#7907;c r&#7891;i m&#224;, sao con c&#242;n ch&#432;a bi&#7871;t?&#8221;</p><p>&#8594; T&#7841;o c&#7843;m gi&#225;c x&#7845;u h&#7893;, &#273;&#225;nh v&#224;o l&#242;ng t&#7921; tr&#7885;ng. N&#227;o tr&#7867; b&#7883; &#8220;c&#7855;t k&#7871;t n&#7889;i&#8221; v&#7899;i kh&#7843; n&#259;ng quan s&#225;t n&#7897;i t&#7841;i, thay v&#224;o &#273;&#243; l&#224; <strong>c&#7843;m gi&#225;c kh&#244;ng &#273;&#7911; &#273;&#7847;y.</strong></p><p><strong>&#10060; Ph&#225;n x&#233;t gi&#225; tr&#7883; con qua l&#7895;i l&#7847;m</strong></p><p>&#8220;L&#224;m r&#417;i v&#7905; nh&#432; th&#7871; th&#236; sau n&#224;y l&#224;m &#273;&#432;&#7907;c g&#236;?&#8221;</p><p>&#8594; Tr&#7867; d&#7877; n&#7897;i h&#243;a suy ngh&#297;: <em>&#8220;M&#236;nh l&#224; ng&#432;&#7901;i v&#244; d&#7909;ng&#8221;</em>, thay v&#236;: <em>&#8220;M&#236;nh v&#7915;a ph&#7841;m m&#7897;t sai l&#7847;m &#8211; v&#224; c&#243; th&#7875; h&#7885;c t&#7915; &#273;&#243;.&#8221;</em></p><h4><strong>2. Khi y&#234;u th&#432;&#417;ng &#273;i k&#232;m v&#7899;i &#273;i&#7873;u ki&#7879;n &#8220;con ph&#7843;i &#273;&#250;ng&#8221;</strong></h4><p>&#272;i&#7873;u &#273;&#225;ng bu&#7891;n l&#224; <strong>nhi&#7873;u &#273;&#7913;a tr&#7867; kh&#244;ng s&#7907; th&#7845;t b&#7841;i &#8211; ch&#250;ng s&#7907; b&#7883; cha m&#7865; th&#7845;t v&#7885;ng</strong>.</p><p>V&#236; &#7903; nhi&#7873;u gia &#273;&#236;nh, <strong>t&#236;nh y&#234;u th&#432;&#417;ng &#273;i k&#232;m &#273;i&#7873;u ki&#7879;n</strong>:<br>&#8211; Con ngoan th&#236; m&#7865; m&#7899;i vui.<br>&#8211; Con &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;i&#7875;m cao th&#236; b&#7889; m&#7899;i khen.<br>&#8211; Con l&#224;m &#273;&#250;ng th&#236; m&#7899;i &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#244;m.</p><p>Khi &#273;i&#7873;u ki&#7879;n &#7845;y b&#7883; ph&#225; v&#7905; (v&#236; l&#7895;i l&#7847;m, &#273;i&#7875;m th&#7845;p, th&#7845;t b&#7841;i...), tr&#7867; kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; bu&#7891;n v&#236; k&#7871;t qu&#7843; &#8211; m&#224; <strong>s&#7907; b&#7883; m&#7845;t &#273;i m&#7889;i k&#7871;t n&#7889;i quan tr&#7885;ng nh&#7845;t</strong>: t&#236;nh y&#234;u v&#244; &#273;i&#7873;u ki&#7879;n t&#7915; cha m&#7865;.</p><p>N&#227;o b&#7897; tr&#7867; t&#7915; 3&#8211;10 tu&#7893;i &#273;ang trong giai &#273;o&#7841;n nh&#7841;y c&#7843;m &#273;&#7863;c bi&#7879;t v&#7873; <strong>c&#7843;m gi&#225;c an to&#224;n g&#7855;n b&#243; (secure attachment)</strong>.<br>N&#7871;u con nh&#7853;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#237;n hi&#7879;u: <em>&#8220;Ch&#7881; khi con &#273;&#250;ng, con m&#7899;i x&#7913;ng &#273;&#225;ng.&#8221;</em><br>&#8594; N&#227;o s&#7869; k&#237;ch ho&#7841;t h&#7879; th&#7889;ng ph&#242;ng v&#7879;: <strong>tr&#7889;n tr&#225;nh &#8211; &#273;&#7893; l&#7895;i &#8211; l&#224;m v&#7915;a l&#242;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i kh&#225;c</strong>.</p><h4><strong>3. V&#242;ng l&#7863;p s&#7907; h&#227;i &#8211; x&#7845;u h&#7893; &#8211; &#273;&#7893; l&#7895;i (Fear&#8211;Shame&#8211;Blame loop)</strong></h4><p>&#272;&#226;y l&#224; m&#7897;t trong nh&#7919;ng <strong>m&#244; h&#236;nh t&#7893;n th&#432;&#417;ng ph&#7893; bi&#7871;n nh&#7845;t</strong> khi tr&#7867; kh&#244;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ph&#233;p sai:</p><blockquote><p>M&#7895;i l&#7847;n sai &#8594; <strong>Con s&#7907;</strong> b&#7883; la &#8594; S&#7907; qu&#225; &#8594; <strong>Con x&#7845;u h&#7893;</strong> v&#236; &#8220;m&#236;nh kh&#244;ng &#273;&#7911; gi&#7887;i&#8221; &#8594; &#272;&#7875; n&#233; x&#7845;u h&#7893; &#8594; <strong>Con &#273;&#7893; l&#7895;i</strong> cho ng&#432;&#7901;i kh&#225;c ho&#7863;c&#8230; gi&#7845;u l&#7895;i.</p></blockquote><p>V&#224; c&#7913; th&#7871;, <strong>v&#242;ng l&#7863;p &#273;&#243; ti&#7871;p di&#7877;n</strong>, khi&#7871;n &#273;&#7913;a tr&#7867;:</p><ul><li><p>Tr&#225;nh n&#233; th&#7917; th&#225;ch (v&#236; s&#7907; sai = b&#7883; m&#7845;t m&#7863;t)</p></li><li><p>Lu&#244;n &#273;&#7893; l&#7895;i ho&#7863;c kh&#244;ng d&#225;m ch&#7883;u tr&#225;ch nhi&#7879;m</p></li><li><p>Kh&#244;ng d&#225;m h&#7887;i khi ch&#432;a hi&#7875;u</p></li><li><p>Kh&#244;ng h&#7885;c &#273;&#432;&#7907;c g&#236; t&#7915; th&#7845;t b&#7841;i &#8211; ngo&#224;i vi&#7879;c &#8220;m&#236;nh n&#234;n gi&#7887;i h&#417;n n&#7871;u kh&#244;ng mu&#7889;n b&#7883; m&#7855;ng&#8221;</p></li></ul><p><em>T&#7915; g&#243;c nh&#236;n th&#7847;n kinh h&#7885;c:</em><br>V&#242;ng l&#7863;p n&#224;y <strong>k&#237;ch ho&#7841;t amygdala (v&#249;ng n&#227;o li&#234;n quan &#273;&#7871;n c&#7843;nh b&#225;o nguy hi&#7875;m)</strong> li&#234;n t&#7909;c &#8594; tr&#7867; b&#7883; &#8220;&#273;&#243;ng b&#259;ng&#8221; kh&#7843; n&#259;ng h&#7885;c t&#7853;p.<br>Kh&#244;ng c&#242;n kh&#244;ng gian cho t&#242; m&#242; hay kh&#225;m ph&#225; &#8211; ch&#7881; c&#242;n ph&#7843;n x&#7841; ph&#242;ng v&#7879;.</p><h4><strong>4. Nh&#432;ng n&#7871;u b&#7841;n t&#7915;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c nu&#244;i d&#7841;y nh&#432; th&#7871; &#8211; &#273;i&#7873;u &#273;&#243; kh&#244;ng c&#243; ngh&#297;a l&#224; b&#7841;n sai</strong></h4><p>N&#7871;u c&#243; &#8211; &#273;&#243; kh&#244;ng c&#243; ngh&#297;a l&#224; b&#7841;n l&#224; m&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7901;i cha, ng&#432;&#7901;i m&#7865; t&#7891;i.<br><strong>&#272;&#243; ch&#7881; c&#243; th&#7875; l&#224;&#8230; b&#7843;n ng&#227; c&#7911;a b&#7841;n &#273;ang l&#234;n ti&#7871;ng.</strong></p><p>Theo TS. Shefali Tsabary, <em>b&#7843;n ng&#227; c&#7911;a b&#7889; m&#7865;</em> th&#432;&#7901;ng l&#224; <strong>di s&#7843;n c&#7911;a c&#225;ch h&#7885; t&#7915;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c nu&#244;i d&#7841;y</strong> &#8211; nh&#7919;ng m&#244; h&#236;nh ph&#7843;n &#7913;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c l&#7863;p &#273;i l&#7863;p l&#7841;i t&#7899;i m&#7913;c tr&#7903; th&#224;nh &#8220;ph&#7843;n x&#7841; v&#244; th&#7913;c&#8221;.<br>Ta ph&#7843;n &#7913;ng v&#7899;i con m&#236;nh h&#244;m nay&#8230; b&#7857;ng d&#7919; li&#7879;u m&#224; ta &#273;&#227; nh&#7853;n t&#7915; cha m&#7865; h&#244;m qua.</p><blockquote><p><strong>V&#242;ng l&#7863;p v&#244; th&#7913;c: C&#225;ch m&#236;nh t&#7915;ng b&#7883; ph&#7843;n &#7913;ng &#8594; c&#225;ch m&#236;nh ph&#7843;n &#7913;ng l&#7841;i v&#7899;i con</strong></p></blockquote><p>N&#7871;u ng&#224;y x&#432;a b&#7841;n t&#7915;ng b&#7883; m&#7855;ng m&#7895;i khi l&#224;m sai, b&#7841;n s&#7869; d&#7877; tr&#7903; th&#224;nh &#8220;ng&#432;&#7901;i ph&#225;n x&#233;t&#8221;.<br>N&#7871;u b&#7841;n t&#7915;ng b&#7883; so s&#225;nh v&#224; x&#7845;u h&#7893; h&#243;a, b&#7841;n s&#7869; v&#244; th&#7913;c t&#7841;o ra &#8220;n&#7895;i x&#7845;u h&#7893;&#8221; t&#432;&#417;ng t&#7921; cho con.<br>N&#7871;u b&#7841;n t&#7915;ng b&#7883; b&#7887; m&#7863;c c&#7843;m x&#250;c, b&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; r&#417;i v&#224;o tr&#7841;ng th&#225;i &#8220;tr&#225;nh n&#233;&#8221;, &#273;&#243;ng b&#259;ng khi con kh&#243;c.<br>N&#7871;u b&#7841;n t&#7915;ng ph&#7843;i c&#7889; &#273;&#7875; l&#224;m v&#7915;a l&#242;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#7899;n, b&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; tr&#7903; th&#224;nh &#8220;ng&#432;&#7901;i ki&#7875;m so&#225;t&#8221; &#8211; v&#236; b&#234;n trong l&#224; n&#7895;i s&#7907; m&#7845;t tr&#7853;t t&#7921;.</p><p>Ch&#250;ng ta kh&#244;ng ch&#7885;n nh&#7919;ng ph&#7843;n &#7913;ng &#273;&#243;.<br>Ch&#250;ng ta ch&#7881;&#8230; <strong>sao ch&#233;p m&#7897;t th&#7913; t&#7915;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c d&#225;n nh&#227;n l&#224; &#8220;b&#236;nh th&#432;&#7901;ng&#8221;</strong>.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AEnw!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7665ef62-1ab9-43b4-a362-4c20ede2f834_1313x938.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AEnw!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7665ef62-1ab9-43b4-a362-4c20ede2f834_1313x938.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AEnw!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7665ef62-1ab9-43b4-a362-4c20ede2f834_1313x938.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AEnw!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7665ef62-1ab9-43b4-a362-4c20ede2f834_1313x938.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AEnw!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7665ef62-1ab9-43b4-a362-4c20ede2f834_1313x938.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AEnw!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7665ef62-1ab9-43b4-a362-4c20ede2f834_1313x938.png" width="1313" height="938" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/7665ef62-1ab9-43b4-a362-4c20ede2f834_1313x938.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:938,&quot;width&quot;:1313,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:462191,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://parentinghubvietnam.substack.com/i/166327130?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7665ef62-1ab9-43b4-a362-4c20ede2f834_1313x938.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AEnw!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7665ef62-1ab9-43b4-a362-4c20ede2f834_1313x938.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AEnw!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7665ef62-1ab9-43b4-a362-4c20ede2f834_1313x938.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AEnw!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7665ef62-1ab9-43b4-a362-4c20ede2f834_1313x938.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AEnw!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7665ef62-1ab9-43b4-a362-4c20ede2f834_1313x938.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><strong>Nh&#432;ng b&#7841;n </strong><em><strong>kh&#244;ng c&#7847;n ti&#7871;p t&#7909;c v&#242;ng l&#7863;p &#273;&#243;</strong></em></p><p>Khi b&#7841;n b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u &#8220;nh&#7853;n di&#7879;n b&#7843;n ng&#227;&#8221; &#8211; b&#7841;n &#273;ang <strong>t&#7841;o kho&#7843;ng tr&#7889;ng cho m&#7897;t ph&#7843;n &#7913;ng m&#7899;i xu&#7845;t hi&#7879;n</strong>.</p><p>H&#227;y th&#7917; d&#7915;ng l&#7841;i v&#224; h&#7887;i:</p><p>&#8220;Ph&#7843;n &#7913;ng n&#224;y &#8211; l&#224; c&#7911;a t&#236;nh y&#234;u, hay l&#224; c&#7911;a v&#7871;t th&#432;&#417;ng c&#361;?&#8221;<br>&#8220;M&#236;nh &#273;ang n&#243;i v&#7899;i con &#8211; hay &#273;ang n&#243;i v&#7899;i phi&#234;n b&#7843;n 6 tu&#7893;i b&#7883; m&#7855;ng ng&#224;y x&#432;a c&#7911;a ch&#237;nh m&#236;nh?&#8221;</p><p>Ch&#7881; c&#7847;n m&#7897;t c&#226;u h&#7887;i nh&#432; th&#7871;, l&#224; b&#7841;n &#273;ang b&#432;&#7899;c ra kh&#7887;i v&#242;ng tr&#242;n ph&#7843;n &#7913;ng.<br>V&#224; b&#432;&#7899;c v&#224;o m&#7897;t kh&#244;ng gian m&#7899;i: <strong>kh&#244;ng ho&#224;n h&#7843;o &#8211; nh&#432;ng c&#243; &#253; th&#7913;c, c&#243; s&#7921; l&#7921;a ch&#7885;n.</strong></p><h3><strong>II. M&#7897;t l&#7889;i &#273;i m&#7899;i: Khi con kh&#244;ng c&#7847;n &#273;&#250;ng &#8211; m&#224; c&#7847;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c </strong><em><strong>th&#7917;</strong></em></h3><p>N&#7871;u b&#7841;n t&#7915;ng th&#7845;y con <strong>b&#7883; &#273;i&#7875;m th&#7845;p v&#224; mu&#7889;n b&#7887; cu&#7897;c</strong>, ho&#7863;c <strong>m&#7855;c m&#7897;t l&#7895;i nh&#7887; nh&#432;ng &#225;m &#7843;nh m&#227;i</strong>, r&#7845;t c&#243; th&#7875; con &#273;ang l&#7899;n l&#234;n trong m&#7897;t m&#244;i tr&#432;&#7901;ng m&#224; <strong>sai l&#7847;m &#273;&#7891;ng ngh&#297;a v&#7899;i th&#7845;t b&#7841;i</strong>.</p><p>Nh&#432;ng &#273;i&#7873;u g&#236; s&#7869; x&#7843;y ra n&#7871;u b&#7841;n chuy&#7875;n h&#432;&#7899;ng? Kh&#244;ng c&#242;n h&#7887;i: <em>&#8220;T&#7841;i sao con l&#7841;i sai?&#8221;</em>, m&#224; b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u t&#7921; h&#7887;i:</p><p>&#8220;L&#224;m th&#7871; n&#224;o &#273;&#7875; con &#273;&#432;&#7907;c quy&#7873;n sai &#8211; m&#7897;t c&#225;ch an to&#224;n v&#224; sinh tr&#432;&#7903;ng t&#7915; &#273;&#243;?&#8221;</p><h4><strong>1. T&#432; duy c&#7847;u ti&#7871;n: Khi sai l&#7847;m l&#224; </strong><em><strong>&#273;i&#7875;m b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u</strong></em><strong> c&#7911;a h&#7885;c h&#7887;i</strong></h4><p>Kh&#225;i ni&#7879;m <strong>Growth Mindset</strong> (t&#432; duy c&#7847;u ti&#7871;n) do GS Carol Dweck ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n cho th&#7845;y:<br>Tr&#7867; em tin r&#7857;ng n&#259;ng l&#7921;c c&#243; th&#7875; r&#232;n luy&#7879;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c s&#7869;:</p><ul><li><p>h&#7885;c t&#7889;t h&#417;n</p></li><li><p>d&#225;m th&#7917; th&#225;ch h&#417;n</p></li><li><p>v&#224; &#237;t b&#7887; cu&#7897;c khi g&#7863;p kh&#243; kh&#259;n.</p></li></ul><p>&#272;i&#7875;m then ch&#7889;t?</p><div class="pullquote"><p><strong>T&#432; duy n&#224;y kh&#244;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c sinh ra t&#7921; nhi&#234;n. N&#243; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c gieo tr&#7891;ng &#8211; m&#7895;i ng&#224;y &#8211; b&#7903;i c&#225;ch ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#7899;n ph&#7843;n h&#7891;i v&#7899;i l&#7895;i sai.</strong></p></div><p><strong>Khi b&#7841;n n&#243;i:</strong></p><p>&#8220;Kh&#244;ng sao con &#7841;, sai r&#7891;i th&#236; s&#7917;a l&#7841;i c&#361;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c.&#8221;<br>&#8230; l&#224; b&#7841;n &#273;ang <strong>g&#7917;i t&#237;n hi&#7879;u &#273;&#7871;n n&#227;o con</strong> r&#7857;ng: <em>&#8220;M&#236;nh ch&#432;a bi&#7871;t h&#244;m nay, nh&#432;ng m&#236;nh c&#243; th&#7875; bi&#7871;t v&#224;o ng&#224;y mai.&#8221;</em></p><h4><strong>2. Living like a lab: Khi m&#7895;i ng&#224;y l&#224; m&#7897;t th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m nh&#7887;</strong></h4><p>Trong khi <em>t&#432; duy c&#7847;u ti&#7871;n</em> n&#243;i v&#7873; <strong>ni&#7873;m tin</strong> v&#224;o s&#7921; ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n, th&#236; <strong>&#8220;Living Like A Lab&#8221;</strong> (s&#7889;ng nh&#432; m&#7897;t ph&#242;ng th&#237; nghi&#7879;m) l&#224; <strong>ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&#225;p c&#7909; th&#7875; &#273;&#7875; hi&#7879;n th&#7921;c h&#243;a ni&#7873;m tin &#273;&#243;.</strong></p><p>Kh&#225;c v&#7899;i &#225;p l&#7921;c ph&#7843;i bi&#7871;t tr&#432;&#7899;c, l&#224;m &#273;&#250;ng ngay, l&#7889;i s&#7889;ng ki&#7875;u ph&#242;ng lab cho ph&#233;p tr&#7867;:</p><ul><li><p>&#273;&#7863;t c&#226;u h&#7887;i</p></li><li><p>th&#7917; h&#224;nh &#273;&#7897;ng</p></li><li><p>quan s&#225;t k&#7871;t qu&#7843;</p></li><li><p>r&#7891;i &#273;i&#7873;u ch&#7881;nh nh&#7865; nh&#224;ng</p></li></ul><p>&#272;&#7913;a tr&#7867; s&#7889;ng nh&#432; m&#7897;t "nh&#224; khoa h&#7885;c nh&#7887;" s&#7869; t&#7921; h&#7887;i: &#8220;&#272;i&#7873;u g&#236; s&#7869; x&#7843;y ra n&#7871;u m&#236;nh th&#7917; c&#225;ch n&#224;y?&#8221;, ch&#7913; kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i: <em>&#8220;L&#224;m sao &#273;&#7875; kh&#244;ng b&#7883; sai?&#8221;</em></p><p><strong>T&#432; duy &#8211; Ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&#225;p: K&#7871;t h&#7907;p &#273;&#7875; t&#7841;o n&#234;n m&#7897;t h&#7879; sinh th&#225;i h&#7885;c h&#7887;i v&#7919;ng v&#224;ng</strong></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!06J2!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F485abaa6-ebf1-434d-be4c-4e5fe72e3061_1313x540.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!06J2!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F485abaa6-ebf1-434d-be4c-4e5fe72e3061_1313x540.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!06J2!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F485abaa6-ebf1-434d-be4c-4e5fe72e3061_1313x540.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!06J2!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F485abaa6-ebf1-434d-be4c-4e5fe72e3061_1313x540.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!06J2!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F485abaa6-ebf1-434d-be4c-4e5fe72e3061_1313x540.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!06J2!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F485abaa6-ebf1-434d-be4c-4e5fe72e3061_1313x540.png" width="1313" height="540" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!06J2!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F485abaa6-ebf1-434d-be4c-4e5fe72e3061_1313x540.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!06J2!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F485abaa6-ebf1-434d-be4c-4e5fe72e3061_1313x540.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!06J2!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F485abaa6-ebf1-434d-be4c-4e5fe72e3061_1313x540.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!06J2!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F485abaa6-ebf1-434d-be4c-4e5fe72e3061_1313x540.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><blockquote><p><strong>T&#432; duy c&#7847;u ti&#7871;n l&#224; n&#7873;n m&#243;ng. Living like a lab l&#224; &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;i.</strong></p></blockquote><p>Khi &#273;&#432;&#7907;c k&#7871;t h&#7907;p, ch&#250;ng t&#7841;o n&#234;n m&#7897;t h&#7879; sinh th&#225;i gi&#250;p tr&#7867; <strong>v&#7915;a t&#7921; tin ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n &#8211; v&#7915;a t&#7921; ch&#7911; trong h&#7885;c h&#7887;i.</strong></p><p><strong>M&#7897;t v&#237; d&#7909; th&#7921;c t&#7871;: Khi con l&#7855;p lego sai</strong></p><ul><li><p>V&#7899;i t&#432; duy c&#7889; &#273;&#7883;nh, con n&#243;i: <em>&#8220;Con kh&#244;ng gi&#7887;i c&#225;i n&#224;y &#273;&#226;u.&#8221;</em></p></li><li><p>V&#7899;i growth mindset, con n&#243;i: <em>&#8220;Con l&#224;m ch&#432;a &#273;&#432;&#7907;c. Con c&#7847;n th&#7917; l&#7841;i.&#8221;</em></p></li><li><p>V&#7899;i living-like-a-lab, con n&#243;i: <em>&#8220;&#7890;, m&#7843;nh n&#224;y kh&#244;ng kh&#7899;p. &#272;&#7875; con th&#7917; xoay h&#432;&#7899;ng kh&#225;c.&#8221;</em></p></li></ul><p>B&#7841;n th&#7845;y kh&#244;ng?<br><strong>T&#432; duy</strong> &#273;&#7883;nh h&#236;nh c&#7843;m x&#250;c &#8211;<br><strong>Ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&#225;p</strong> d&#7851;n d&#7855;t h&#224;nh &#273;&#7897;ng &#8211;<br>V&#224; s&#7921; k&#7871;t h&#7907;p &#273;&#243; t&#7841;o ra m&#7897;t &#273;&#7913;a tr&#7867; d&#225;m h&#7885;c, d&#225;m th&#7917;, d&#225;m tr&#432;&#7903;ng th&#224;nh.</p><p><strong>Tr&#7867; kh&#244;ng c&#7847;n b&#7841;n ho&#224;n h&#7843;o &#8211; ch&#7881; c&#7847;n b&#7841;n cho ph&#233;p ch&#250;ng &#8220;s&#7889;ng nh&#432; &#273;ang h&#7885;c&#8221;</strong></p><p>M&#7895;i l&#7847;n b&#7841;n d&#7915;ng l&#7841;i tr&#432;&#7899;c khi tr&#225;ch m&#7855;ng, m&#7895;i l&#7847;n b&#7841;n m&#7881;m c&#432;&#7901;i khi con th&#7917; sai, m&#7895;i l&#7847;n b&#7841;n h&#7887;i &#8220;Con r&#250;t ra &#273;&#432;&#7907;c g&#236;?&#8221; thay v&#236; &#8220;Con sai &#7903; &#273;&#226;u?&#8221; &#8230; l&#224; m&#7897;t l&#7847;n b&#7841;n &#273;ang <strong>gi&#7843;i ph&#243;ng con kh&#7887;i &#225;p l&#7921;c ph&#7843;i &#273;&#250;ng ngay l&#7847;n &#273;&#7847;u.</strong></p><p>V&#224; t&#7915;ng ng&#224;y, t&#7915;ng sai s&#243;t nh&#7887;, t&#7915;ng v&#242;ng l&#7863;p th&#7917;-sai-ch&#7881;nh &#7845;y, ch&#237;nh l&#224; n&#417;i <strong>t&#226;m tr&#237; ki&#234;n c&#432;&#7901;ng v&#224; tr&#237; tu&#7879; s&#7889;ng &#273;&#7897;ng</strong> &#273;&#432;&#7907;c h&#236;nh th&#224;nh.</p><h3><strong>III. G&#243;c nh&#236;n t&#7915; khoa h&#7885;c th&#7847;n kinh: Khi sai l&#7847;m l&#224; nhi&#234;n li&#7879;u cho s&#7921; ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n tr&#237; n&#227;o</strong></h3><p>N&#7871;u b&#7841;n t&#7915;ng lo l&#7855;ng r&#7857;ng:</p><p>&#8220;Con m&#236;nh sai nhi&#7873;u qu&#225; &#8211; li&#7879;u c&#243; h&#7885;c &#273;&#432;&#7907;c g&#236; kh&#244;ng?&#8221; ho&#7863;c &#8220;N&#7871;u ngay t&#7915; &#273;&#7847;u &#273;&#227; kh&#244;ng l&#224;m &#273;&#432;&#7907;c, th&#236; sau n&#224;y c&#243; c&#7843;i thi&#7879;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c kh&#244;ng?&#8221; &#8230; th&#236; khoa h&#7885;c th&#7847;n kinh hi&#7879;n &#273;&#7841;i c&#243; m&#7897;t c&#226;u tr&#7843; l&#7901;i r&#7845;t &#273;&#225;ng hy v&#7885;ng:</p><blockquote><p><strong>B&#7897; n&#227;o kh&#244;ng c&#7889; &#273;&#7883;nh, v&#224; sai l&#7847;m kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#224; k&#7867; th&#249;.</strong></p></blockquote>
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   ]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Giữ gìn sự tập trung cho trẻ trong thế giới nhiễu loạn]]></title><description><![CDATA[Khi kh&#7843; n&#259;ng ch&#250; &#253; c&#7911;a con b&#7883; &#273;&#225;nh c&#7855;p b&#7903;i c&#244;ng ngh&#7879;, l&#224;m th&#7871; n&#224;o &#273;&#7875; cha m&#7865; c&#243; th&#7875; nh&#7865; nh&#224;ng &#8220;trao tr&#7843;&#8221; l&#7841;i s&#7921; t&#7853;p trung cho con?]]></description><link>https://www.parentinghub.vn/p/giu-gin-su-tap-trung-cho-tre-trong-nhieu-loan-</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.parentinghub.vn/p/giu-gin-su-tap-trung-cho-tre-trong-nhieu-loan-</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Dương Quyên]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sun, 22 Jun 2025 15:39:32 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Xhgc!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F71a10a39-345f-43c7-8328-73aa544d03ad_2415x1725.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<h5><em><strong>&#128312;D&#224;nh cho cha m&#7865; c&#243; con t&#7915; 3-12 tu&#7893;i&#128312;</strong></em></h5><p>M&#236;nh c&#242;n nh&#7899; m&#227;i c&#226;u chuy&#7879;n c&#7911;a m&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&#7891;ng nghi&#7879;p c&#361; &#8211; m&#7897;t b&#224; m&#7865; hai con t&#7915;ng r&#7845;t t&#7921; h&#224;o v&#236; c&#243; th&#7875; "qu&#7843;n l&#253; con kh&#244;ng c&#7847;n ph&#7843;i d&#249;ng &#273;&#7871;n iPad". Sau nhi&#7873;u th&#225;ng l&#234;n k&#7871; ho&#7841;ch v&#224; gi&#7845;u k&#237;n, c&#244; &#7845;y h&#7841;nh ph&#250;c k&#7875; r&#7857;ng cu&#7889;i c&#249;ng c&#361;ng chu&#7849;n b&#7883; xong m&#7897;t chuy&#7871;n &#273;i "b&#7845;t ng&#7901;" cho c&#7843; gia &#273;&#236;nh &#8211; &#273;&#7871;n m&#7897;t eco-resort &#7849;n m&#236;nh gi&#7919;a r&#7915;ng n&#250;i hoang s&#417; &#7903; Nepal. N&#417;i kh&#244;ng c&#243; ti&#7871;ng c&#242;i xe, kh&#244;ng c&#243; l&#7883;ch h&#7885;p, kh&#244;ng c&#243; deadline. M&#7897;t ph&#7847;n tu&#7893;i th&#417; m&#417; &#432;&#7899;c &#273;&#432;&#7907;c c&#244; &#7845;y kh&#233;o l&#233;o g&#243;i gh&#233;m l&#7841;i &#8211; ch&#7881; ch&#7901; &#273;&#7907;i &#225;nh m&#7855;t ng&#7905; ng&#224;ng c&#7911;a hai &#273;&#7913;a tr&#7867; khi nh&#7853;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c tin.</p><p>Nh&#432;ng&#8230; c&#225;i "ng&#7905; ng&#224;ng" &#7845;y kh&#244;ng gi&#7889;ng nh&#432; nh&#7919;ng g&#236; c&#244; k&#7923; v&#7885;ng.</p><p>Ngay khi nghe tin, &#273;i&#7873;u &#273;&#7847;u ti&#234;n hai b&#7841;n nh&#7887; b&#7853;t th&#7889;t l&#234;n l&#224;:<br><strong>"&#7902; &#273;&#243; c&#243; wi-fi kh&#244;ng m&#7865;?"</strong></p><p>C&#244; &#7845;y k&#7875; l&#7841;i m&#224; m&#7863;t v&#7851;n c&#242;n &#273;&#7887; b&#7915;ng v&#236; gi&#7853;n, &#273;&#7871;n m&#7913;c su&#253;t n&#7919;a &#273;&#227; g&#7847;m l&#234;n: <em>&#8220;&#272;i ch&#417;i v&#7899;i m&#7865; l&#224; &#273;&#7875; c&#243; wifi &#224;?&#8221;</em> &#8211; r&#7891;i sau &#273;&#243;... su&#253;t n&#7919;a h&#7911;y lu&#244;n c&#7843; chuy&#7871;n &#273;i. May m&#224; sau khi tr&#7845;n t&#297;nh l&#7841;i (v&#224; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ch&#7891;ng can ng&#259;n k&#7883;p th&#7901;i), c&#7843; nh&#224; v&#7851;n ti&#7871;p t&#7909;c h&#224;nh tr&#236;nh nh&#432; d&#7921; &#273;&#7883;nh.</p><p><strong>V&#224; &#273;i&#7873;u k&#7923; di&#7879;u l&#224;:</strong> Sau v&#224;i ti&#7871;ng &#273;&#7847;u b&#7913;t r&#7913;t v&#236; "kh&#244;ng bi&#7871;t c&#243; ai nh&#7855;n ch&#432;a", hai &#273;&#7913;a tr&#7867; b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u kh&#225;m ph&#225; l&#7841;i m&#7897;t d&#7841;ng ni&#7873;m vui r&#7845;t kh&#225;c. Nh&#7919;ng bu&#7893;i s&#225;ng &#273;i d&#7841;o quanh &#273;&#7891;i, t&#7921; tay cho g&#224; &#259;n, v&#7869; s&#7887;i, tr&#232;o c&#226;y, n&#7857;m &#273;&#7885;c s&#225;ch&#8230; S&#7921; t&#7853;p trung quay tr&#7903; l&#7841;i m&#7897;t c&#225;ch t&#7921; nhi&#234;n &#8211; kh&#244;ng c&#7847;n b&#7843;ng th&#432;&#7903;ng-sticker hay app theo d&#245;i ti&#7871;n b&#7897; n&#224;o.</p><div class="pullquote"><p><strong>Khi ta l&#7845;y &#273;i chi&#7871;c &#273;i&#7879;n tho&#7841;i kh&#7887;i tay tr&#7867;, &#273;i&#7873;u c&#7847;n thi&#7871;t kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#224; m&#7897;t c&#417;n gi&#7853;n d&#7919; &#8211; m&#224; l&#224; m&#7897;t kh&#244;ng gian m&#7899;i &#273;&#7875; tr&#237; &#243;c tr&#7867; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c th&#7903; v&#224; n&#7843;y n&#7903;.</strong></p></div><p>C&#226;u chuy&#7879;n nh&#7887; &#7845;y khi&#7871;n m&#236;nh t&#242; m&#242; nhi&#7873;u ng&#224;y li&#7873;n, v&#224; m&#236;nh b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u &#273;&#224;o s&#226;u v&#224;o m&#7897;t c&#226;u h&#7887;i t&#432;&#7903;ng ch&#7915;ng &#273;&#417;n gi&#7843;n: <strong>Chuy&#7879;n g&#236; &#273;ang th&#7853;t s&#7921; x&#7843;y ra v&#7899;i kh&#7843; n&#259;ng ch&#250; &#253; c&#7911;a con tr&#7867; trong th&#7871; gi&#7899;i h&#244;m nay?</strong></p><p>T&#7841;i sao m&#7897;t c&#226;u h&#7887;i &#8220;c&#243; wifi kh&#244;ng?&#8221; l&#7841;i d&#7877; l&#224;m b&#7853;t l&#234;n c&#417;n b&#227;o c&#7843;m x&#250;c &#273;&#7871;n v&#7853;y &#8211; kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; &#7903; tr&#7867; m&#224; c&#7843; &#7903; ch&#237;nh ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#7899;n?</p><p>Trong b&#224;i vi&#7871;t h&#244;m nay, m&#236;nh mu&#7889;n m&#7901;i b&#7841;n c&#249;ng nh&#236;n l&#7841;i v&#224; hi&#7875;u s&#226;u h&#417;n:</p><ul><li><p>Chuy&#7879;n g&#236; &#273;ang x&#7843;y ra trong n&#227;o b&#7897; c&#7911;a tr&#7867; khi kh&#7843; n&#259;ng t&#7853;p trung b&#7883; "&#273;&#225;nh c&#7855;p"?</p></li><li><p>T&#7841;i sao n&#227;o tr&#7867; d&#7877; b&#7883; cu&#7889;n v&#224;o nh&#7883;p s&#7889;ng si&#234;u t&#7889;c, v&#224; vai tr&#242; c&#7911;a c&#244;ng ngh&#7879; trong &#273;&#243; l&#224; g&#236;?</p></li><li><p>Li&#7879;u c&#243; c&#225;ch n&#224;o &#273;&#7875; &#8220;trao tr&#7843;&#8221; l&#7841;i kh&#7843; n&#259;ng t&#7853;p trung cho con &#8211; m&#224; kh&#244;ng c&#7847;n t&#7855;t h&#7871;t m&#7885;i thi&#7871;t b&#7883; hay chuy&#7875;n l&#234;n s&#7889;ng &#7903; r&#7915;ng?</p></li></ul><p><em>B&#224;i vi&#7871;t s&#7917; d&#7909;ng n&#7897;i dung chia s&#7867; t&#7915; <a href="https://parentingsummit.vn/">Parenting Summit 2025</a> c&#7911;a Di&#7877;n gi&#7843; D&#432;&#417;ng Quy&#234;n. Vui l&#242;ng kh&#244;ng sao ch&#233;p, ch&#7881;nh s&#7917;a ho&#7863;c s&#7917; d&#7909;ng cho m&#7909;c &#273;&#237;ch th&#432;&#417;ng m&#7841;i khi ch&#432;a c&#243; s&#7921; &#273;&#7891;ng &#253; b&#7857;ng v&#259;n b&#7843;n.</em></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JcWC!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc8f0a64a-4ee3-4068-8cfe-97374fa0eb94_3916x1490.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JcWC!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc8f0a64a-4ee3-4068-8cfe-97374fa0eb94_3916x1490.jpeg 424w, 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class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.parentinghub.vn/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption"><em>&#272;&#259;ng k&#253; &#273;&#7875; nh&#7853;n b&#7843;n tin h&#224;ng tu&#7847;n v&#7873; nh&#7919;ng g&#243;c nh&#236;n s&#226;u s&#7855;c v&#224; thi&#7871;t th&#7921;c gi&#250;p cha m&#7865; hi&#7879;n &#273;&#7841;i nu&#244;i d&#7841;y con v&#7899;i s&#7921; th&#7845;u hi&#7875;u, k&#7871;t n&#7889;i v&#224; tr&#7855;c &#7849;n trong th&#7901;i &#273;&#7841;i s&#7889;.</em></p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><h3><strong>I. Chuy&#7879;n g&#236; &#273;ang x&#7843;y ra v&#7899;i kh&#7843; n&#259;ng t&#7853;p trung c&#7911;a tr&#7867;?</strong></h3><p>N&#7871;u b&#7841;n t&#7915;ng c&#225;u g&#7855;t v&#236; con "ng&#7891;i h&#7885;c 5 ph&#250;t &#273;&#227; &#273;&#7913;ng d&#7853;y l&#7845;y snack", hay th&#7845;y lo l&#7855;ng v&#236; con kh&#244;ng ch&#7883;u ng&#7891;i y&#234;n nh&#432; b&#7841;n b&#232;&#8230; h&#227;y th&#7917; d&#7915;ng l&#7841;i v&#224; &#273;&#7863;t m&#7897;t c&#226;u h&#7887;i quan tr&#7885;ng h&#417;n:</p><blockquote><p>Li&#7879;u con c&#243; th&#7921;c s&#7921; <em>v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873;</em> v&#7873; s&#7921; t&#7853;p trung &#8211; hay ch&#7881; l&#224; &#273;ang ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n &#273;&#250;ng theo c&#225;ch b&#7897; n&#227;o con &#273;&#432;&#7907;c l&#7853;p tr&#236;nh?</p></blockquote><h4><strong>1. S&#7921; ch&#250; &#253; l&#224; m&#7897;t k&#7929; n&#259;ng ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n &#8211; ch&#7913; kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i th&#7913; c&#243; s&#7861;n.</strong></h4><p>C&#225;c nh&#224; khoa h&#7885;c th&#7847;n kinh &#273;&#227; ch&#7881; ra r&#7857;ng nh&#7919;ng v&#249;ng n&#227;o ch&#7883;u tr&#225;ch nhi&#7879;m ki&#7875;m so&#225;t s&#7921; ch&#250; &#253; &#8211; nh&#432; v&#7887; n&#227;o tr&#432;&#7899;c tr&#225;n (prefrontal cortex) &#8211; ch&#7881; ho&#224;n thi&#7879;n v&#224;o&#8230; cu&#7889;i tu&#7893;i thi&#7871;u ni&#234;n v&#224; &#273;&#7847;u tu&#7893;i tr&#432;&#7903;ng th&#224;nh. Tr&#432;&#7899;c &#273;&#243;, s&#7921; ch&#250; &#253; c&#7911;a tr&#7867; kh&#244;ng &#7893;n &#273;&#7883;nh, d&#7877; xao nh&#227;ng, v&#224; c&#7847;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c hu&#7845;n luy&#7879;n d&#7847;n d&#7847;n.</p><p>&#272;i&#7873;u n&#224;y c&#361;ng c&#243; ngh&#297;a l&#224;: N&#7871;u tr&#7867; g&#7863;p kh&#243; kh&#259;n trong vi&#7879;c duy tr&#236; t&#7853;p trung, &#273;i&#7873;u &#273;&#243; kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i v&#236; con "l&#432;&#7901;i bi&#7871;ng", "thi&#7871;u &#253; th&#7913;c" hay "c&#7889; t&#236;nh ph&#225; r&#7889;i" &#8211; m&#224; v&#236; <strong>con ch&#432;a c&#243; &#273;&#7911; k&#7871;t n&#7889;i th&#7847;n kinh c&#7847;n thi&#7871;t &#273;&#7875; l&#224;m &#273;i&#7873;u &#273;&#243;.</strong></p><h3><strong>T&#7915; 3&#8211;5 tu&#7893;i: S&#7921; ch&#250; &#253; l&#224; bong b&#243;ng &#8211; d&#7877; v&#7905; v&#224; b&#7883; h&#250;t b&#7903;i &#273;i&#7873;u m&#7899;i l&#7841;</strong></h3><p>&#7902; giai &#273;o&#7841;n m&#7847;m non, tr&#7867; ch&#7911; y&#7871;u d&#7921;a v&#224;o attention theo ph&#7843;n x&#7841;: th&#7913; g&#236; m&#7899;i &#8211; s&#225;ng &#8211; &#273;&#7897;ng &#8211; c&#243; &#226;m thanh&#8230; s&#7869; l&#7853;p t&#7913;c h&#250;t n&#227;o con l&#7841;i nh&#432; nam ch&#226;m.</p><blockquote><p>M&#7897;t nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u kinh &#273;i&#7875;n cho th&#7845;y: ch&#7881; 9 ph&#250;t xem ho&#7841;t h&#236;nh nhanh c&#243; th&#7875; gi&#7843;m &#273;&#225;ng k&#7875; kh&#7843; n&#259;ng t&#7921; ki&#7875;m so&#225;t v&#224; gi&#7843;i quy&#7871;t v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; c&#7911;a tr&#7867; 4 tu&#7893;i ngay sau &#273;&#243;.</p></blockquote><p>Th&#7921;c t&#7871; l&#224; tr&#7867; m&#7847;m non kh&#244;ng "thi&#7871;u t&#7853;p trung" &#8211; m&#224; &#273;ang t&#7853;p trung&#8230; v&#224;o &#273;&#250;ng th&#7913; n&#227;o ch&#250;ng &#432;u ti&#234;n: <strong>k&#237;ch th&#237;ch m&#7841;nh.</strong></p><p><strong>K&#7923; v&#7885;ng &#273;&#250;ng:</strong></p><ul><li><p>Tr&#7867; 3&#8211;5 tu&#7893;i c&#243; th&#7875; ch&#250; &#253; trong kho&#7843;ng 5&#8211;15 ph&#250;t, n&#7871;u ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng th&#250; v&#7883;.</p></li><li><p><strong>Quan tr&#7885;ng h&#417;n:</strong> con c&#243; th&#7875; quay l&#7841;i ti&#7871;p t&#7909;c m&#7897;t vi&#7879;c sau khi b&#7883; gi&#225;n &#273;o&#7841;n &#8211; &#273;&#243; l&#224; d&#7845;u hi&#7879;u n&#227;o &#273;ang h&#7885;c c&#225;ch ki&#7875;m so&#225;t ch&#250; &#253;.</p></li></ul><p><strong>C&#225;c ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng ph&#249; h&#7907;p:</strong> X&#7871;p h&#236;nh &#273;&#417;n gi&#7843;n, t&#244; m&#224;u c&#243; h&#432;&#7899;ng d&#7851;n, ch&#417;i nh&#7853;p vai c&#243; ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#7899;n c&#249;ng tham gia.</p><h3><strong>T&#7915; 6&#8211;8 tu&#7893;i: N&#227;o b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u &#8220;l&#7855;p b&#7897; l&#7885;c&#8221; nh&#432;ng v&#7851;n d&#7877; l&#7841;c k&#234;nh</strong></h3><p>&#7902; giai &#273;o&#7841;n n&#224;y, c&#225;c k&#7871;t n&#7889;i th&#7847;n kinh ph&#7909;c v&#7909; <strong>executive attention</strong> &#8211; lo&#7841;i ch&#250; &#253; c&#243; ch&#7911; &#273;&#237;ch &#8211; b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u m&#7841;nh h&#417;n. Tr&#7867; c&#243; th&#7875;:</p><ul><li><p>B&#225;m theo h&#432;&#7899;ng d&#7851;n &#273;&#417;n gi&#7843;n.</p></li><li><p>B&#7887; qua nhi&#7877;u nh&#7865; (v&#237; d&#7909;: ti&#7871;p t&#7909;c v&#7869; tranh d&#249; c&#243; ti&#7871;ng n&#243;i chuy&#7879;n nh&#7887; b&#234;n c&#7841;nh).</p></li></ul><p>Tuy nhi&#234;n, c&#225;c v&#249;ng &#273;i&#7873;u ph&#7889;i ch&#250; &#253; trong n&#227;o v&#7851;n c&#242;n &#273;ang h&#7885;c c&#225;ch &#8220;b&#7853;t-t&#7855;t&#8221; linh ho&#7841;t.</p><p>M&#7897;t ti&#7871;ng TV b&#7853;t l&#234;n v&#7851;n c&#243; th&#7875; khi&#7871;n con r&#7901;i b&#7887; b&#224;i t&#7853;p d&#7877; nh&#432; b&#250;ng tay &#8211; v&#224; &#273;&#243; l&#224; <em>b&#236;nh th&#432;&#7901;ng</em> &#7903; &#273;&#7897; tu&#7893;i n&#224;y.</p><p>M&#7897;t &#273;i&#7873;u l&#432;u &#253; l&#224; ngay c&#7843; tu&#7893;i n&#224;y, tr&#7867; v&#7851;n r&#7845;t c&#7847;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ch&#417;i ch&#7913; kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; c&#243; h&#7885;c. Ch&#417;i t&#7921; do ngo&#224;i tr&#7901;i gi&#250;p tr&#7867; 6&#8211;8 tu&#7893;i t&#259;ng kh&#7843; n&#259;ng t&#7853;p trung nhi&#7873;u h&#417;n so v&#7899;i luy&#7879;n t&#7853;p b&#7857;ng worksheet t&#297;nh.</p><p><strong>K&#7923; v&#7885;ng &#273;&#250;ng:</strong></p><ul><li><p>Tr&#7867; c&#243; th&#7875; ch&#250; &#253; kho&#7843;ng 15&#8211;20 ph&#250;t trong ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng ph&#249; h&#7907;p, v&#7899;i &#273;i&#7873;u ki&#7879;n m&#244;i tr&#432;&#7901;ng &#237;t g&#226;y nhi&#7877;u.</p></li><li><p>Tr&#7867; b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u h&#7885;c &#273;&#432;&#7907;c chi&#7871;n l&#432;&#7907;c t&#7921; h&#7895; tr&#7907;, nh&#432; d&#249;ng timer, checklist &#273;&#417;n gi&#7843;n, ho&#7863;c t&#7921; l&#7863;p nh&#7849;m h&#432;&#7899;ng d&#7851;n.</p></li></ul><p><strong>C&#225;c ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng ph&#249; h&#7907;p:</strong> Tr&#242; ch&#417;i l&#7855;p r&#225;p nhi&#7873;u b&#432;&#7899;c, c&#226;u &#273;&#7889; &#273;&#417;n gi&#7843;n, nhi&#7879;m v&#7909; h&#7885;c chia th&#224;nh t&#7915;ng ch&#7863;ng c&#243; th&#7901;i gian r&#245; r&#224;ng.</p><h3><strong>T&#7915; 9&#8211;11 tu&#7893;i: B&#7897; n&#227;o "b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u bi&#7871;t t&#7921; l&#225;i" &#8211; nh&#432;ng v&#7851;n c&#7847;n GPS</strong></h3><p>&#7902; &#273;&#7897; tu&#7893;i n&#224;y, tr&#7867; d&#7847;n th&#224;nh th&#7841;o h&#417;n trong vi&#7879;c:</p><ul><li><p>Duy tr&#236; ch&#250; &#253; d&#224;i h&#417;n (20&#8211;30 ph&#250;t).</p></li><li><p>Ho&#224;n th&#224;nh nhi&#7879;m v&#7909; nhi&#7873;u b&#432;&#7899;c.</p></li><li><p>Nh&#7853;n ra khi m&#236;nh xao nh&#227;ng v&#224; <em>t&#7921; quay l&#7841;i nhi&#7879;m v&#7909;</em>.</p></li></ul><p><em>Tr&#7867; ho&#224;n to&#224;n c&#243; th&#7875; "t&#7921; h&#7885;c" &#8211; nh&#432;ng ch&#7881; khi &#273;&#432;&#7907;c h&#432;&#7899;ng d&#7851;n r&#245; r&#224;ng c&#225;ch qu&#7843;n l&#253; m&#244;i tr&#432;&#7901;ng v&#224; th&#7901;i gian.</em></p><p>M&#7897;t nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u t&#7841;i Stanford cho th&#7845;y: tr&#7867; 9 tu&#7893;i &#273;&#432;&#7907;c d&#7841;y c&#225;ch chia vi&#7879;c v&#224; d&#249;ng timer s&#7869; t&#259;ng g&#7845;p &#273;&#244;i th&#7901;i gian t&#7853;p trung ch&#7881; sau 4 tu&#7847;n.</p><p><strong>K&#7923; v&#7885;ng &#273;&#250;ng:</strong></p><ul><li><p>Tr&#7867; kh&#244;ng c&#7847;n gi&#225;m s&#225;t li&#234;n t&#7909;c, nh&#432;ng c&#7847;n khung r&#245; r&#224;ng (th&#7901;i l&#432;&#7907;ng, kh&#244;ng gian y&#234;n t&#297;nh, ph&#7847;n th&#432;&#7903;ng tinh th&#7847;n nh&#7887;).</p></li><li><p>Tr&#7867; c&#243; th&#7875; b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u th&#7921;c h&#224;nh k&#7929; n&#259;ng "g&#225;c l&#7841;i c&#225;m d&#7895;" (delayed gratification) &#8211; n&#7871;u c&#243; &#273;&#7897;ng l&#7921;c &#273;&#250;ng.</p></li></ul><p><strong>C&#225;c ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng ph&#249; h&#7907;p:</strong> L&#224;m d&#7921; &#225;n nh&#7887; (x&#226;y m&#244; h&#236;nh, vi&#7871;t truy&#7879;n ng&#7855;n), h&#7885;c nh&#243;m c&#243; vai tr&#242; c&#7909; th&#7875;, &#273;&#7885;c s&#225;ch theo ch&#7911; &#273;&#7873; y&#234;u th&#237;ch.</p><blockquote><p><strong>T&#243;m l&#7841;i, d&#249; &#7903; b&#7845;t k&#7923; &#273;&#7897; tu&#7893;i n&#224;y, tr&#7867; kh&#244;ng thi&#7871;u kh&#7843; n&#259;ng ch&#250; &#253; &#8211; tr&#7867; c&#7847;n &#273;i&#7873;u ki&#7879;n &#273;&#7875; ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n n&#243;. Ch&#250; &#253; kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#224; kh&#7843; n&#259;ng b&#7849;m sinh &#8211; m&#224; l&#224; k&#7929; n&#259;ng h&#7885;c &#273;&#432;&#7907;c qua l&#7863;p l&#7841;i c&#243; h&#432;&#7899;ng d&#7851;n.</strong></p></blockquote><p>N&#7871;u b&#7841;n li&#234;n t&#7909;c nh&#7855;c con "T&#7853;p trung v&#224;o!" m&#224; kh&#244;ng h&#432;&#7899;ng d&#7851;n c&#225;ch l&#224;m, n&#227;o con s&#7869;&#8230; b&#7853;t ra ngo&#224;i nhanh h&#417;n.</p><p>Trong ph&#7847;n ti&#7871;p theo, ch&#250;ng ta s&#7869; kh&#225;m ph&#225; l&#253; do s&#226;u xa khi&#7871;n <strong>c&#244;ng ngh&#7879; v&#224; nh&#7883;p s&#7889;ng si&#234;u t&#7889;c &#273;ang l&#224;m n&#227;o tr&#7867; "quen v&#7899;i ph&#226;n t&#225;n"</strong> &#8211; v&#224; li&#7879;u c&#243; c&#225;ch n&#224;o &#273;&#7875; gi&#250;p con "t&#7853;p gym l&#7841;i cho s&#7921; ch&#250; &#253;" m&#224; kh&#244;ng c&#7847;n b&#7887; h&#7871;t thi&#7871;t b&#7883; hay chuy&#7875;n l&#234;n r&#7915;ng?</p><h3><strong>II. Ch&#250;ng ta &#273;&#227; v&#244; t&#236;nh &#8220;hu&#7845;n luy&#7879;n&#8221; cho n&#227;o tr&#7867; ph&#226;n t&#225;n nh&#432; th&#7871; n&#224;o?</strong></h3><p>&#8220;Con kh&#244;ng th&#7875; t&#7853;p trung!&#8221;</p><p>C&#243; th&#7875; &#273;&#250;ng h&#417;n l&#224;: "N&#227;o c&#7911;a con &#273;&#227; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c luy&#7879;n r&#7845;t gi&#7887;i... trong vi&#7879;c kh&#244;ng t&#7853;p trung l&#226;u v&#224;o m&#7897;t th&#7913;."</p><p>Ch&#250;ng ta th&#432;&#7901;ng m&#7863;c &#273;&#7883;nh r&#7857;ng s&#7921; ch&#250; &#253; l&#224; kh&#7843; n&#259;ng n&#7897;i t&#7841;i c&#7911;a tr&#7867;, nh&#432;ng th&#7921;c t&#7871; khoa h&#7885;c th&#7847;n kinh cho th&#7845;y: </p><blockquote><p><strong>Kh&#7843; n&#259;ng t&#7853;p trung hay ph&#226;n t&#225;n l&#224; k&#7871;t qu&#7843; c&#7911;a nh&#7919;ng g&#236; m&#224; n&#227;o b&#7897; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c luy&#7879;n t&#7853;p l&#7863;p &#273;i l&#7863;p l&#7841;i.</strong></p></blockquote><h4><strong>1. Hi&#7875;u &#273;&#250;ng v&#7873; nguy&#234;n t&#7855;c th&#7847;n kinh: &#8220;Neurons that fire together, wire together&#8221;</strong></h4><p>Trong n&#227;o b&#7897;, khi m&#7897;t nh&#243;m t&#7871; b&#224;o th&#7847;n kinh (neurons) &#273;&#432;&#7907;c k&#237;ch ho&#7841;t c&#249;ng l&#250;c nhi&#7873;u l&#7847;n, ch&#250;ng s&#7869; t&#7841;o th&#224;nh <strong>&#8220;&#273;&#432;&#7901;ng m&#242;n&#8221; d&#7851;n truy&#7873;n th&#7847;n kinh</strong>. L&#7863;p l&#7841;i c&#224;ng nhi&#7873;u, &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng m&#242;n c&#224;ng m&#7841;nh, c&#224;ng d&#7877; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c k&#237;ch ho&#7841;t t&#7921; &#273;&#7897;ng.</p><p><strong>H&#7879; qu&#7843;:</strong> N&#7871;u m&#7895;i ng&#224;y con &#273;&#7873;u:</p><ul><li><p>Xem YouTube v&#7899;i t&#7889;c &#273;&#7897; 1.75x</p></li><li><p>Chuy&#7875;n &#273;&#7893;i gi&#7919;a 5 app trong v&#242;ng 10 ph&#250;t</p></li><li><p>D&#7915;ng &#273;ang l&#224;m b&#224;i t&#7853;p &#273;&#7875; check chat nh&#243;m 3 l&#7847;n</p></li></ul><p>&#8230; th&#236; <strong>n&#227;o con &#273;ang &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#8220;hu&#7845;n luy&#7879;n b&#224;i b&#7843;n&#8221; &#273;&#7875; ph&#226;n t&#225;n.</strong></p><p>&#7902; &#273;&#226;y, <em>s&#7921; xao nh&#227;ng kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; l&#224; h&#224;nh vi &#8211; m&#224; l&#224; m&#7897;t<strong> th&#243;i quen m&#224; b&#7897; n&#227;o h&#7885;c &#273;&#432;&#7907;c.</strong></em></p><h4><strong>2. M&#7895;i swipe, m&#7895;i click: m&#7897;t l&#7847;n n&#227;o b&#7883; &#8220;hack&#8221;</strong></h4><p>Theo Gloria Mark (<em>Attention Span, 2023</em>), con ng&#432;&#7901;i trung b&#236;nh hi&#7879;n nay chuy&#7875;n s&#7921; ch&#250; &#253; gi&#7919;a c&#225;c t&#225;c v&#7909; c&#7913; m&#7895;i <strong>47 gi&#226;y,</strong> v&#224; tr&#7867; em &#273;ang h&#7885;c &#273;i&#7873;u n&#224;y t&#7915; ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#7899;n &#8211; t&#7915; ch&#237;nh ch&#250;ng ta.</p><p>M&#7897;t s&#7889; nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u c&#243; th&#7889;ng k&#234; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#7903; M&#7929;, <em>tr&#7867; em ng&#224;y nay trung b&#236;nh ti&#7871;p x&#250;c v&#7899;i m&#224;n h&#236;nh h&#417;n 7 ti&#7871;ng m&#7895;i ng&#224;y. Trong &#273;&#243;, m&#7895;i ph&#250;t c&#243; t&#7899;i 20&#8211;30 l&#7847;n thay &#273;&#7893;i h&#236;nh &#7843;nh, &#226;m thanh, b&#7889;i c&#7843;nh &#8211; t&#7841;o n&#234;n m&#7897;t ki&#7875;u &#8216;gi&#7843;i tr&#237; t&#259;ng &#273;&#7897;ng&#8217; (hyperstimulation entertainment).&#8221;</em></p><p>&#272;i&#7873;u n&#224;y <strong>&#8220;&#273;&#224;o t&#7841;o&#8221; h&#7879; th&#7847;n kinh &#273;&#7875; th&#237;ch &#7913;ng v&#7899;i k&#237;ch th&#237;ch li&#234;n t&#7909;c</strong> v&#224; ng&#432;&#7907;c l&#7841;i, th&#7845;y nh&#224;m ch&#225;n ho&#7863;c v&#7853;t v&#227; v&#7899;i nh&#7919;ng th&#7913; t&#297;nh &#8211; nh&#432; &#273;&#7885;c s&#225;ch, nghe gi&#7843;ng hay ng&#7891;i suy ngh&#297;.</p><div class="pullquote"><p><em>N&#227;o kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; h&#7885;c t&#7915; nh&#7919;ng g&#236; ta &#8220;mu&#7889;n d&#7841;y&#8221;, m&#224; h&#7885;c t&#7915; nh&#7919;ng g&#236; ta l&#7863;p &#273;i l&#7863;p l&#7841;i.</em></p></div>
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